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Dark Web Crime: Criminal Law Challenges in the Era of Cybercrime

The Indonesian Journal of International Clinical Legal Education · Vol. 7 No. 1 (2025) · hlm. 131–166

DOI
10.15294/iccle.v7i1.21109
ISSN
2721-8368
Terbit
2025-03-31
Penerbit
Universitas Negeri Semarang
Bahasa
eng

Abstrak

increasingly complex cybercrimes, particularly those occurring on the Dark Web. This hidden part of the internet, accessible only through specialized software such as Tor and I2P, has become a hub for various illegal activities, including drug trafficking, financial fraud, data breaches, human exploitation, and cyberattacks. The primary challenge in combating Dark Web crimes lies in the high level of anonymity afforded by encryption, decentralized digital currencies like Bitcoin and Monero, and jurisdictional limitations in law enforcement efforts. This study employs a normative legal research method with a conceptual and comparative approach to analyze global legal frameworks, enforcement strategies, and jurisdictional complexities in prosecuting Dark Web crimes. The findings indicate that existing criminal laws struggle to address the dynamic nature of cybercrime, necessitating continuous legal reform, stronger international cooperation, and advanced forensic technologies. Additionally, balancing cybersecurity enforcement with digital privacy rights remains a contentious issue in global legal discourse. This study recommends the harmonization of cyber laws, stricter regulations on cryptocurrency transactions, and improved international legal collaboration to effectively combat Dark Web crimes.

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  • Universitas Sumatera Utara
  • Cenderawasih University
  • Diponegoro University
  • University of Mataram
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Benny SumardianaAfiliasi tidak diketahui1
Eka Nugraha PutraAfiliasi tidak diketahui1
Mahmud MulyadiUniversitas Sumatera Utara1
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Beniharmoni HarefaAfiliasi tidak diketahui1
Kayus K LewolebaAfiliasi tidak diketahui1
Akhmad AkhmadCenderawasih University1
Joko SetiyonoDiponegoro University1
Barda Nawawi AriefAfiliasi tidak diketahui1
Budi SantosoUniversity of Mataram1
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Sumber metadata: OAI-PMH (metadata jurnal) https://journal.unnes.ac.id/journals/iccle/oai, pertama di-harvest 5 Nov 2026, terakhir terlihat 8 Nov 2026.
Metadata asli (oai_dc) 
<oai_dc:dc xmlns="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/" xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:oai_dc="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/  http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc.xsd">
	<dc:title xml:lang="en">Dark Web Crime: Criminal Law Challenges in the Era of Cybercrime</dc:title>
	<dc:creator xml:lang="en">Ana Tasia Pase</dc:creator>
	<dc:creator xml:lang="en">Zico Junius Fernando</dc:creator>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Dark Web</dc:subject>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Cybercrime</dc:subject>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Criminal Law</dc:subject>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Cybersecurity</dc:subject>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Cyber Law Reform</dc:subject>
	<dc:description xml:lang="en">increasingly complex cybercrimes, particularly those occurring on the Dark Web. This hidden part of the internet, accessible only through specialized software such as Tor and I2P, has become a hub for various illegal activities, including drug trafficking, financial fraud, data breaches, human exploitation, and cyberattacks. The primary challenge in combating Dark Web crimes lies in the high level of anonymity afforded by encryption, decentralized digital currencies like Bitcoin and Monero, and jurisdictional limitations in law enforcement efforts. This study employs a normative legal research method with a conceptual and comparative approach to analyze global legal frameworks, enforcement strategies, and jurisdictional complexities in prosecuting Dark Web crimes. The findings indicate that existing criminal laws struggle to address the dynamic nature of cybercrime, necessitating continuous legal reform, stronger international cooperation, and advanced forensic technologies. Additionally, balancing cybersecurity enforcement with digital privacy rights remains a contentious issue in global legal discourse. This study recommends the harmonization of cyber laws, stricter regulations on cryptocurrency transactions, and improved international legal collaboration to effectively combat Dark Web crimes.</dc:description>
	<dc:publisher xml:lang="en">Universitas Negeri Semarang</dc:publisher>
	<dc:date>2025-03-31</dc:date>
	<dc:type>info:eu-repo/semantics/article</dc:type>
	<dc:type>info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion</dc:type>
	<dc:format>application/pdf</dc:format>
	<dc:identifier>https://journal.unnes.ac.id/journals/iccle/article/view/21109</dc:identifier>
	<dc:identifier>10.15294/iccle.v7i1.21109</dc:identifier>
	<dc:source xml:lang="en">The Indonesian Journal of International Clinical Legal Education; Vol. 7 No. 1 (2025): March; 131-166</dc:source>
	<dc:source>2721-8368</dc:source>
	<dc:source>10.15294/iccle.v7i1</dc:source>
	<dc:language>eng</dc:language>
	<dc:relation>https://journal.unnes.ac.id/journals/iccle/article/view/21109/4596</dc:relation>
	<dc:rights xml:lang="en">Copyright (c) 2025 The Indonesian Journal of International Clinical Legal Education</dc:rights>
</oai_dc:dc>