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The Dynamics of Secondary Rules in Constitutional Adjudication: An Analysis of H.L.A. Hart’s Theory on Indonesia’s Constitutional Court Decision Number 90/PUU-XXI/2023

The Indonesian Journal of International Clinical Legal Education · Vol. 8 No. 1 (2026) · hlm. 111–138

DOI
10.15294/ijicle.v8i1.36563
ISSN
2721-8368
Terbit
2026-07-03
Penerbit
Universitas Negeri Semarang
Bahasa
eng
Lisensi
creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0

Abstrak

This study aims to examine the constitutional validity and theoretical implications of Constitutional Court Decision Number 90/PUU-XXI/2023 concerning the age limit for presidential and vice-presidential candidates in Indonesia. The main issues raised are the inconsistency of legal reasoning and the shift in the role of the Constitutional Court, which acts as a positive legislator, triggering a substantive legitimacy crisis behind formal validity. The research method employed is a juridical-normative approach with a qualitative doctrinal orientation. The analysis was conducted using H.L.A. Hart’s theoretical instrument regarding the dual rule system to dissect the relationship between primary and secondary rules. The research findings indicate that procedurally, the decision is a valid application of the rule of adjudication and the rule of change, as it is sourced from the highest rule of recognition, namely the 1945 Constitution. However, a substantial rift exists between the internal aspects of legal authority and the external aspects of public acceptance due to the open-ended nature of the legal language used by the judge. This study concludes that although the decision has binding legal force, this phenomenon indicates an expansion of secondary authority that can threaten legal certainty if not limited by objective parameters. The results of this study contribute to clinical legal education by enhancing understanding of the dynamics of norm change through judicial channels during the democratic transition process.

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  • State University of Semarang
  • Universitas Wahid Hasyim
  • Universitas Langlangbuana
  • Diponegoro University
  • Universiti Teknologi MARA
  • Sapienza University of Rome
  • Direktorat Jenderal Imigrasi
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Rekan penulisOrganisasiArtikel bersama
Yuli Prasetyo AdhiDiponegoro University9
Saru ArifinState University of Semarang7
Rahmawati Mohd YusoffUniversiti Teknologi MARA7
Muhammad Shidqon PrabowoUniversitas Wahid Hasyim5
Arif HidayatState University of Semarang5
Slamet SumartoState University of Semarang4
Tegar Islami PutraState University of Semarang4
Mohammad Reza FachruddinState University of Semarang4
Indah Sri UtariState University of Semarang3
Arif Nur HidayatState University of Semarang2
Triska Rahmatul AiniSapienza University of Rome2
Rini FidiyaniState University of Semarang2
Asep RozaliAfiliasi tidak diketahui2
Abraham AbrahamState University of Semarang2
Windi AgustinState University of Semarang2
Masyitha Aulia ArifaState University of Semarang2
Pujiono PujionoState University of Semarang2
Ratih DamayantiState University of Semarang2
Duhita Driyah SupraptiState University of Semarang2
Pujiono PujionoState University of Semarang2
Dani MuhtadaState University of Semarang2
Ristina YudhantiState University of Semarang2
Gianefi SafitriDirektorat Jenderal Imigrasi1
Natal KristionoState University of Semarang1
Anis WidyawatiState University of Semarang1
Shofriya Qonitatin AbidahState University of Semarang1
Panggih Kusuma NingrumUniversité Bourgogne Franche-Comté1
Kun Retno HandayaniState University of Semarang1
Elyna Noor Dina NazlaAfiliasi tidak diketahui1
Yurida Zakky UmamiUniversitas Wahid Hasyim1
Ratih DamayantiState University of Semarang1
Eko MukmintoState University of Semarang1
Bayangsari WedhatamiState University of Semarang1
Jafar SidikUniversitas Langlangbuana1
Deni HaspadaUniversitas Langlangbuana1

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Sumber metadata: OAI-PMH (metadata jurnal) https://journal.unnes.ac.id/journals/iccle/oai, pertama di-harvest 5 Nov 2026, terakhir terlihat 8 Nov 2026.
Metadata asli (oai_dc) 
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	<dc:title xml:lang="en">The Dynamics of Secondary Rules in Constitutional Adjudication: An Analysis of H.L.A. Hart’s Theory on Indonesia’s Constitutional Court Decision Number 90/PUU-XXI/2023</dc:title>
	<dc:creator xml:lang="en">Alfarisi, Salman</dc:creator>
	<dc:creator xml:lang="en">Putra, Najwa Hanif Artfian Arrasyid Aulia</dc:creator>
	<dc:creator xml:lang="en">Hapsari, Primerta Putri</dc:creator>
	<dc:creator xml:lang="en">Martitah, Martitah</dc:creator>
	<dc:creator xml:lang="en">Sulistianingsih, Dewi</dc:creator>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Constitutional Court</dc:subject>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en">H.L.A. Hart’s Theory</dc:subject>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Rule of Recognition</dc:subject>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Judicial Review</dc:subject>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Legal Validity</dc:subject>
	<dc:description xml:lang="en">This study aims to examine the constitutional validity and theoretical implications of Constitutional Court Decision Number 90/PUU-XXI/2023 concerning the age limit for presidential and vice-presidential candidates in Indonesia. The main issues raised are the inconsistency of legal reasoning and the shift in the role of the Constitutional Court, which acts as a positive legislator, triggering a substantive legitimacy crisis behind formal validity. The research method employed is a juridical-normative approach with a qualitative doctrinal orientation. The analysis was conducted using H.L.A. Hart’s theoretical instrument regarding the dual rule system to dissect the relationship between primary and secondary rules. The research findings indicate that procedurally, the decision is a valid application of the rule of adjudication and the rule of change, as it is sourced from the highest rule of recognition, namely the 1945 Constitution. However, a substantial rift exists between the internal aspects of legal authority and the external aspects of public acceptance due to the open-ended nature of the legal language used by the judge. This study concludes that although the decision has binding legal force, this phenomenon indicates an expansion of secondary authority that can threaten legal certainty if not limited by objective parameters. The results of this study contribute to clinical legal education by enhancing understanding of the dynamics of norm change through judicial channels during the democratic transition process.</dc:description>
	<dc:publisher xml:lang="en">Universitas Negeri Semarang</dc:publisher>
	<dc:date>2026-07-03</dc:date>
	<dc:type>info:eu-repo/semantics/article</dc:type>
	<dc:type>info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion</dc:type>
	<dc:format>application/pdf</dc:format>
	<dc:identifier>https://journal.unnes.ac.id/journals/iccle/article/view/36563</dc:identifier>
	<dc:identifier>10.15294/ijicle.v8i1.36563</dc:identifier>
	<dc:source xml:lang="en">The Indonesian Journal of International Clinical Legal Education; Vol. 8 No. 1 (2026): Development Law and Social Engineering; 111-138</dc:source>
	<dc:source>2721-8368</dc:source>
	<dc:source>10.15294/ijicle.v8i1</dc:source>
	<dc:language>eng</dc:language>
	<dc:relation>https://journal.unnes.ac.id/journals/iccle/article/view/36563/10553</dc:relation>
	<dc:rights xml:lang="en">Copyright (c) 2026 Salman Alfarisi, Najwa Hanif Artfian Arrasyid Aulia Putra, Primerta Putri Hapsari, Martitah Martitah, Dewi Sulistianingsih (Author)</dc:rights>
	<dc:rights xml:lang="en">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0</dc:rights>
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