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Who Will Advocate? The Impact of Decision 93/PUU-XX/2022 on Article 433 Civil Code Amendments for Disability Rights and Legal Protection

Indonesian Journal of Advocacy and Legal Services · Vol. 7 No. 1 (2025) · hlm. 95–120

DOI
10.15294/ijals.v7i1.22699
ISSN
2686-2611, 2686-2085
Terbit
2025-07-20
Penerbit
Universitas Negeri Semarang
Bahasa
eng
Lisensi
creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0

Abstrak

The Constitutional Court of Indonesia’s Decision Number 93/PUU-XX/2022 marks a pivotal moment in disability rights by ruling that the terms “imbecile,” “mentally ill,” and “dark-eyed,” along with the word “must” in Article 433 of the Civil Code, are inconsistent with the 1945 Constitution. The Court replaced these derogatory terms with “persons with mental and/or intellectual disabilities” and revised “must” to “can,” signaling a shift toward a more rights-based approach. However, this legal amendment raises critical questions: Does it effectively balance guardianship proceedings with the rights and autonomy of persons with disabilities? And who will advocate for their protection and inclusion in the legal system? This study analyzes the decision’s implications, particularly its impact on the legal mechanisms available to individuals with mental and intellectual disabilities. Using a qualitative approach and a statutory analysis of the Civil Code, Law No. 8 of 2016 on Disability, Law No. 19 of 2011 on the Protection and Rights of Persons with Disabilities, and the Constitutional Court ruling, this research evaluates the extent to which the amendments align with international human rights standards, such as the UN Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities (CRPD). By placing Indonesia’s legal reforms in the broader international debate on disability rights, this study highlights the urgency of stronger advocacy and legal safeguards to prevent continued marginalization. The findings contribute to discussions on legal capacity, guardianship, and human dignity, offering insights for policymakers, legal practitioners, and human rights advocates seeking to advance disability rights worldwide.

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  • State University of Semarang
  • Universitas Halu Oleo
  • Universidade Católica Portuguesa
  • Dhofar University
  • Villa College
  • National University of Malaysia
  • Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona
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Rekan penulisOrganisasiArtikel bersama
Ridwan ArifinState University of Semarang9
Diandra Preludio RamadaState University of Semarang7
Nizamuddin AliasNational University of Malaysia3
Rodiyah RodiyahState University of Semarang3
Valerio SebastianUniversitat Autònoma de Barcelona3
Ali MasyharState University of Semarang3
Abdul Halim MomoAfiliasi tidak diketahui2
Ubaidillah KamalState University of Semarang2
Ratih DamayantiState University of Semarang2
Asyaffa Ridzqi AmandhaState University of Semarang2
Dina Wahyu PritaningtiasState University of Semarang2
Anindhita Sekaring BarendriyasState University of Semarang2
Amira Rahma SabelaState University of Semarang2
Ahmad Zaharuddin Sani Ahmad SabriAfiliasi tidak diketahui2
Benny SumardianaState University of Semarang2
Sergi Fernandez AlejandroAfiliasi tidak diketahui2
Salman AlfarisiState University of Semarang2
Wara Dyah Pita RenggaState University of Semarang2
Mohamed Cheikh BananeUniversité Ibn Zohr2
Fadhel Arjuna AdindaPadjadjaran University2
Asmarani RamliState University of Semarang2
La Ode JuhardinAfiliasi tidak diketahui1
Andriani AndrianiHasanuddin University1
Andi Syahrir PAfiliasi tidak diketahui1
Arsidik AsuruAfiliasi tidak diketahui1
Riska RiskaAfiliasi tidak diketahui1
Desy H SadirAfiliasi tidak diketahui1
Hamuni HamuniAfiliasi tidak diketahui1
Adi IndrawanAfiliasi tidak diketahui1
Jamaluddin JamaluddinUniversitas Halu Oleo1
Fercee PrimulaUniversitas Halu Oleo1
Ali HadaraAfiliasi tidak diketahui1
Ali Muh. NaimAfiliasi tidak diketahui1
Dahniar DahniarUniversitas Halu Oleo1

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Sumber metadata: OAI-PMH (metadata jurnal) https://journal.unnes.ac.id/journals/ijals/oai, pertama di-harvest 5 Nov 2026, terakhir terlihat 8 Nov 2026.
Metadata asli (oai_dc) 
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	<dc:title xml:lang="en">Who Will Advocate? The Impact of Decision 93/PUU-XX/2022 on Article 433 Civil Code Amendments for Disability Rights and Legal Protection</dc:title>
	<dc:creator xml:lang="en">Nugroho, Harry</dc:creator>
	<dc:creator xml:lang="en">Utari, Indah Sri</dc:creator>
	<dc:creator xml:lang="en">Irawaty, Irawaty</dc:creator>
	<dc:creator xml:lang="en">Nugroho, Satrio Sakti</dc:creator>
	<dc:creator xml:lang="en">Ezzerouali, Souad</dc:creator>
	<dc:creator xml:lang="en">Sanni, Tajudeen</dc:creator>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Legal Protection</dc:subject>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Human Rights</dc:subject>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Disability People</dc:subject>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Disability Rights</dc:subject>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Advocacy</dc:subject>
	<dc:description xml:lang="en">The Constitutional Court of Indonesia’s Decision Number 93/PUU-XX/2022 marks a pivotal moment in disability rights by ruling that the terms “imbecile,” “mentally ill,” and “dark-eyed,” along with the word “must” in Article 433 of the Civil Code, are inconsistent with the 1945 Constitution. The Court replaced these derogatory terms with “persons with mental and/or intellectual disabilities” and revised “must” to “can,” signaling a shift toward a more rights-based approach. However, this legal amendment raises critical questions: Does it effectively balance guardianship proceedings with the rights and autonomy of persons with disabilities? And who will advocate for their protection and inclusion in the legal system? This study analyzes the decision’s implications, particularly its impact on the legal mechanisms available to individuals with mental and intellectual disabilities. Using a qualitative approach and a statutory analysis of the Civil Code, Law No. 8 of 2016 on Disability, Law No. 19 of 2011 on the Protection and Rights of Persons with Disabilities, and the Constitutional Court ruling, this research evaluates the extent to which the amendments align with international human rights standards, such as the UN Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities (CRPD). By placing Indonesia’s legal reforms in the broader international debate on disability rights, this study highlights the urgency of stronger advocacy and legal safeguards to prevent continued marginalization. The findings contribute to discussions on legal capacity, guardianship, and human dignity, offering insights for policymakers, legal practitioners, and human rights advocates seeking to advance disability rights worldwide.</dc:description>
	<dc:publisher xml:lang="en">Universitas Negeri Semarang</dc:publisher>
	<dc:date>2025-07-20</dc:date>
	<dc:type>info:eu-repo/semantics/article</dc:type>
	<dc:type>info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion</dc:type>
	<dc:format>application/pdf</dc:format>
	<dc:identifier>https://journal.unnes.ac.id/journals/ijals/article/view/22699</dc:identifier>
	<dc:identifier>10.15294/ijals.v7i1.22699</dc:identifier>
	<dc:source xml:lang="en">Indonesian Journal of Advocacy and Legal Services; Vol. 7 No. 1 (2025): The Global Challenges on Advocacy and Law Enforcement; 95-120</dc:source>
	<dc:source>2686-2611</dc:source>
	<dc:source>2686-2085</dc:source>
	<dc:source>10.15294/ijals.v7i1</dc:source>
	<dc:language>eng</dc:language>
	<dc:relation>https://journal.unnes.ac.id/journals/ijals/article/view/22699/5016</dc:relation>
	<dc:rights xml:lang="en">Copyright (c) 2025 Harry Nugroho, Indah Sri Utari, Irawaty Irawaty, Satrio Sakti Nugroho, Souad Ezzerouali, Tajudeen Sanni (Author)</dc:rights>
	<dc:rights xml:lang="en">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0</dc:rights>
</oai_dc:dc>