An enhancement of path selection to cluster head based on multi-hop routing in two-tier wireless sensor network

Abstract

Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) is a distributed wireless connection that consists many wireless sensor devices. It is used to get information from the surrounding activities or the environment and send the details to the user for future work. Due to its advantages, WSN has been widely used to help people to collect, monitor and analyse data. However, the biggest limitation of WSN is about the network lifetime. Usually WSN has a small energy capacity for operation, and after the energy was used up below the threshold value, it will then be declared as a dead node. When this happens, the sensor node cannot receive and send the data until the energy is renewed. To reduce WSN energy consumption, the process of selecting a path to the destination is very important. Currently, the data transmission from sensor nodes to the cluster head uses a single hop which consumes more energy; thus, in this paper the enhancement of previous algorithm, which is MAP, the data transmission will use several paths to reach the cluster head. The best path uses a small amount of energy and will take a short time for packet delivery. The element of Shortest Path First (SPF) Algorithm that is used in a routing protocol will be implemented. It will determine the path based on a cost, in which the decision will be made depending on the lowest cost between several connected paths. By using the MATLAB simulation tool, the performance of SPF algorithm and conventional method will be evaluated. The expected result of SPF implementation will increase the energy consumption in order to prolong the network lifetime for WSN.