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Illegal Fishing in the Natuna Sea: How UNCLOS 1982 Shapes Law Enforcement Between Vietnam and Indonesia

Indonesian Journal of Environmental Law and Sustainable Development · Vol. 3 No. 2 (2024) · hlm. 281–308

DOI
10.15294/ijel.v3i2.40215
ISSN
2829-9590, 2829-9582
Terbit
2024-07-31
Penerbit
Universitas Negeri Semarang
Bahasa
eng
Lisensi
creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0

Abstrak

Illegal, unreported, and unregulated (IUU) fishing poses a significant threat to marine ecosystems, coastal livelihoods, and regional security, particularly in the strategically important Natuna Sea. This paper examines how the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS) 1982 provides the legal framework for addressing illegal fishing activities and shaping law enforcement strategies between Vietnam and Indonesia. The study analyzes the obligations of coastal and flag states under UNCLOS, focusing on exclusive economic zones (EEZs), sovereign rights over marine resources, and the responsibilities to prevent, deter, and penalize IUU fishing. Through a case study approach, the article explores specific incidents involving Vietnamese fishing vessels operating in Indonesia’s EEZ around the Natuna Sea. It assesses how Indonesia has leveraged UNCLOS provisions, alongside domestic maritime law, to assert sovereignty, enforce regulations, and protect marine resources. The study also highlights challenges in enforcement, including jurisdictional ambiguities, resource constraints, and diplomatic tensions that complicate bilateral and regional responses. The analysis demonstrates that while UNCLOS 1982 establishes clear legal standards for maritime governance, its effectiveness depends on coordinated law enforcement, regional cooperation, and the integration of domestic and international legal mechanisms. The paper argues that addressing illegal fishing in the Natuna Sea requires not only adherence to UNCLOS but also proactive diplomatic engagement, capacity-building, and multilateral cooperation within Southeast Asia. Ultimately, the study concludes that UNCLOS serves as both a legal foundation and a practical tool for promoting sustainable fisheries management, strengthening maritime security, and mitigating conflict between Vietnam and Indonesia in the Natuna Sea.

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  • State University of Semarang
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Rekan penulisOrganisasiArtikel bersama
Ridwan ArifinAfiliasi tidak diketahui2
Winarsih WinarsihState University of Semarang2
Rini FidiyaniAfiliasi tidak diketahui2
Ratih DamayantiState University of Semarang2
Destika Santi Putri SarfitriAfiliasi tidak diketahui2
Jamaluddin Jamal MuhsenAfiliasi tidak diketahui2
La Ode Muhammad IchsanAfiliasi tidak diketahui2
Ngboawaji Daniel NteAfiliasi tidak diketahui1
Shofriya Qonitatin AbidahAfiliasi tidak diketahui1
Souad EzzeroualiAfiliasi tidak diketahui1
Varun ChhachharAfiliasi tidak diketahui1
Naila Sayyidina PutriAfiliasi tidak diketahui1
Shealsy Ainunna Mei PratiwiAfiliasi tidak diketahui1
Fathurozi FathuroziAfiliasi tidak diketahui1
Wei-Cheng LinAfiliasi tidak diketahui1
Muhammad IrwansyahAfiliasi tidak diketahui1
Junaidi LubisAfiliasi tidak diketahui1
Leni IndrayaniAfiliasi tidak diketahui1
Rayi Kharisma RajibAfiliasi tidak diketahui1
Salvia Salsabila Putri KastiadyAfiliasi tidak diketahui1
Zulfikar Ahmad Nur SalikinAfiliasi tidak diketahui1
Cahya WulandariState University of Semarang1
WinarsihAfiliasi tidak diketahui1
Chanidia Ari RahmayaniAfiliasi tidak diketahui1
Nauli Pinorsinta PasaribuAfiliasi tidak diketahui1
Jennifer Margareth Uliana SianiparAfiliasi tidak diketahui1
Asti InayahAfiliasi tidak diketahui1
Salman Paris HarahapAfiliasi tidak diketahui1
Adhitia PradanaAfiliasi tidak diketahui1

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Sumber metadata: OAI-PMH (metadata jurnal) https://journal.unnes.ac.id/journals/ijel/oai, pertama di-harvest 5 Nov 2026, terakhir terlihat 8 Nov 2026.
Metadata asli (oai_dc) 
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	<dc:title xml:lang="en">Illegal Fishing in the Natuna Sea: How UNCLOS 1982 Shapes Law Enforcement Between Vietnam and Indonesia</dc:title>
	<dc:creator xml:lang="en">Scoornova, Purnandya Arya Aji</dc:creator>
	<dc:creator xml:lang="en">Lubis, Muhammad Ikhsan</dc:creator>
	<dc:creator xml:lang="en">Qoiri, Mutmainah Nur</dc:creator>
	<dc:creator xml:lang="en">Ahmad, Nurul Hidayah Binte</dc:creator>
	<dc:creator xml:lang="en">Yifan, Liu</dc:creator>
	<dc:creator xml:lang="en">O’Connor, Liam James</dc:creator>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Illegal Fishing</dc:subject>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en">UNCLOS</dc:subject>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Law Enforcement</dc:subject>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Natural Resources</dc:subject>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Conflict Resolution</dc:subject>
	<dc:description xml:lang="en">Illegal, unreported, and unregulated (IUU) fishing poses a significant threat to marine ecosystems, coastal livelihoods, and regional security, particularly in the strategically important Natuna Sea. This paper examines how the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS) 1982 provides the legal framework for addressing illegal fishing activities and shaping law enforcement strategies between Vietnam and Indonesia. The study analyzes the obligations of coastal and flag states under UNCLOS, focusing on exclusive economic zones (EEZs), sovereign rights over marine resources, and the responsibilities to prevent, deter, and penalize IUU fishing. Through a case study approach, the article explores specific incidents involving Vietnamese fishing vessels operating in Indonesia’s EEZ around the Natuna Sea. It assesses how Indonesia has leveraged UNCLOS provisions, alongside domestic maritime law, to assert sovereignty, enforce regulations, and protect marine resources. The study also highlights challenges in enforcement, including jurisdictional ambiguities, resource constraints, and diplomatic tensions that complicate bilateral and regional responses. The analysis demonstrates that while UNCLOS 1982 establishes clear legal standards for maritime governance, its effectiveness depends on coordinated law enforcement, regional cooperation, and the integration of domestic and international legal mechanisms. The paper argues that addressing illegal fishing in the Natuna Sea requires not only adherence to UNCLOS but also proactive diplomatic engagement, capacity-building, and multilateral cooperation within Southeast Asia. Ultimately, the study concludes that UNCLOS serves as both a legal foundation and a practical tool for promoting sustainable fisheries management, strengthening maritime security, and mitigating conflict between Vietnam and Indonesia in the Natuna Sea.</dc:description>
	<dc:publisher xml:lang="en">Universitas Negeri Semarang</dc:publisher>
	<dc:date>2024-07-31</dc:date>
	<dc:type>info:eu-repo/semantics/article</dc:type>
	<dc:type>info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion</dc:type>
	<dc:format>application/pdf</dc:format>
	<dc:identifier>https://journal.unnes.ac.id/journals/ijel/article/view/40215</dc:identifier>
	<dc:identifier>10.15294/ijel.v3i2.40215</dc:identifier>
	<dc:source xml:lang="en">Indonesian Journal of Environmental Law and Sustainable Development; Vol. 3 No. 2 (2024): July-December, 2024; 281-308</dc:source>
	<dc:source>2829-9590</dc:source>
	<dc:source>2829-9582</dc:source>
	<dc:language>eng</dc:language>
	<dc:relation>https://journal.unnes.ac.id/journals/ijel/article/view/40215/8048</dc:relation>
	<dc:rights xml:lang="en">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0</dc:rights>
</oai_dc:dc>