Islamic Criminal Law and Global Constitutionalism: Compatibility or Contestation

Abstrak

Islamic criminal law and global constitutionalism are often understood dichotomously as conflicting concepts, yet the relationship between the two is far more complex and multifaceted. Normatively, Islamic criminal law is grounded in the maqāṣid al-sharī‘ah, which emphasizes justice, the protection of rights, and human dignity, while in practice, it exhibits variations in implementation across different legal systems. This study aims to analyze the normative foundations, identify points of convergence, and formulate a multi-layered compatibility test model between Islamic criminal law and global constitutionalism. This study employs a qualitative method with a normative legal approach enriched by comparative and conceptual perspectives, through a literature review of secondary data analyzed using descriptive-analytical and interpretive methods. The research findings indicate that at the level of principles and procedures, there is a strong degree of compatibility, particularly through the maqāṣid, strict standards of proof, and the principle of prudence in the application of sanctions. However, at the substantive level, tensions arise primarily regarding hudūd, which cannot be understood in isolation from ta‘zīr and qiṣāṣ as a unified system. The novelty of this research lies not merely in the reconstruction of a layered compatibility test, but in the effort to formulate a holistic interpretation that rejects the fragmentation of analysis, while presenting an integrative framework that is better able to bridge the conceptual tension between Islamic criminal law and the principles of global constitutionalism.

Kata kunci

• islamic criminal law
• global constitutionalism
• compatibility