Akses terbuka Jurnal
Bilateral Investment Treaties in the Digital Era: Implications for Technology and Media Regulation
Indonesia Media Law Review · Vol. 4 No. 2 (2025) · hlm. 244–283
- ISSN
- 2829-7423, 2829-7628
- Terbit
- 2025-12-31
- Penerbit
- Universitas Negeri Semarang
- Bahasa
- eng
Abstrak
The rapid expansion of digital technologies has transformed the global investment landscape, prompting states to revisit the structure and objectives of Bilateral Investment Treaties (BITs). Initially designed to protect tangible investments through guarantees such as fair and equitable treatment (FET), non-discrimination, and protection against expropriation, BITs now confront a new set of regulatory challenges associated with cross-border data flows, platform governance, and digital sovereignty. The rise of technology and media platforms-characterized by their intangible, mobile, and data-driven nature-raises fundamental questions regarding the definition of “investment,” the scope of investor rights, and the extent of state regulatory space. This article examines the evolution of BITs in the digital era using a normative juridical method, focusing on how international investment law interacts with technology and media regulation. Through analysis of key jurisprudence, particularly Yahoo! Inc. v. LICRA and UEJF and the Schrems I & II decisions of the Court of Justice of the European Union (CJEU), the study demonstrates that the digital ecosystem demands more adaptive treaty frameworks capable of balancing investor protection with legitimate regulatory objectives such as privacy, cybersecurity, and content governance. The article also evaluates Indonesia’s regulatory landscape, including the Information and Electronic Transactions Law (UU ITE) and the Personal Data Protection Law (UU PDP), to illustrate national perspectives on digital governance within the broader BIT reform movement. Ultimately, this research argues that BITs must incorporate explicit digital-era provisions-such as data governance carve-outs, cybersecurity exceptions, and right-to-regulate clauses-to safeguard state sovereignty and public interests while maintaining a predictable investment environment.
Kata kunci
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27 penulis · 74 tautan kepenulisan bersama · 35 lintas organisasi
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- Tadulako University
- Universitas Pembangunan Nasional Veteran Jakarta
- Universitas Ichsan Gorontalo
- Management and Science University
- Musamus Merauke University
- Universitas Muhammadiyah Buton
- Pancasila University
- Organisasi lain
- Afiliasi tidak diketahui
- Organisasi berbeda
- Organisasi sama
- Afiliasi tidak diketahui
- Garis lebih tebal = lebih banyak artikel bersama · lingkaran lebih besar = lebih banyak artikel
Tampilkan sebagai tabel
| Rekan penulis | Organisasi | Artikel bersama |
|---|---|---|
| Handar Subhandi Bakhtiar | Universitas Pembangunan Nasional Veteran Jakarta | 3 |
| Rafika Nur | Universitas Ichsan Gorontalo | 3 |
| Sunardi Purwanda | Afiliasi tidak diketahui | 1 |
| Nurul Asyikeen Binti Abdul Jabar | Management and Science University | 1 |
| Rudini Hasyim Rado | Musamus Merauke University | 1 |
| Safrin Salam | Universitas Muhammadiyah Buton | 1 |
| Kunthi Tridewiyanti | Pancasila University | 1 |
| Kayode Muhammed Ibrahim | University of Ibadan | 1 |
| Andi Intan Purnamasari | National University of Malaysia | 1 |
| Nurhayati Mardin | Tadulako University | 1 |
| Adiguna Kharismawan | Tadulako University | 1 |
| Intan Purnamasari | University of Singaperbangsa Karawang | 1 |
| Virgayani Fattah | Tadulako University | 1 |
| Susi Sulilawati | Tadulako University | 1 |
| Darmawati Darmawati | Riau University | 1 |
| Mustawa Mustawa | Afiliasi tidak diketahui | 1 |
| Susi Susilawati | Tadulako University | 1 |
| Sahlan | Tadulako University | 1 |
| Ratu Ratna Korompol | Afiliasi tidak diketahui | 1 |
| Adfiyanti Fadjar | Tadulako University | 1 |
| Adiesty Septhiany Prihatiningsih Syamsuddin | Tadulako University | 1 |
| Muhammad Ikbal | Tadulako University | 1 |
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