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Implementation of Restorative Justice in the Criminal Justice System: A Comparative Study between Indonesia and India

Indonesian State Law Review (ISLRev) · Vol. 8 No. 2 (2025) · hlm. 114–152

DOI
10.15294/islrev.v8i2.28426
ISSN
2654-8763, 2654-3125
Terbit
2025-12-29
Penerbit
Universitas Negeri Semarang
Bahasa
eng
Lisensi
creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0

Abstrak

Restorative Justice has emerged as a progressive response to the limitations of the retributive approach within criminal justice systems. Both Indonesia and India demonstrate a growing inclination toward adopting Restorative Justice as a more humanistic mechanism for social restoration. This study aims to analyze and compare the policies and implementation of Restorative Justice in Indonesia and India, while highlighting the challenges and opportunities for its development. The research employs a normative legal method with a comparative and qualitative approach, using secondary data in the form of legal documents and scholarly articles, analyzed through online content analysis techniques. The findings indicate that both countries share fundamental principles of Restorative Justice, such as victim participation, mediation, and the restoration of social relationships. However, there are significant differences in legal frameworks, procedural flexibility, and institutional support: Indonesia demonstrates greater adaptability to local and community values, whereas India remains largely confined to the juvenile justice system and reliant on judicial discretion. This study offers a novelty in the form of a comprehensive mapping of the normative and structural dynamics of Restorative Justice within the South and Southeast Asian contexts, which have been underexplored in comparative legal research. The implications underscore the need for strengthening national regulations and institutional synergy as critical prerequisites for the sustainable implementation of Restorative Justice. The study also recommends the development of a flexible, community-based institutional model to advance criminal justice systems toward more inclusive, transformative, and participatory justice.

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  • Jenderal Soedirman University
  • Universitas Pamulang
  • Universitas Pancasakti Tegal
  • Sekolah Tinggi Ilmu Hukum Sumpah Pemuda
  • Lampung University
  • Universitas Pekalongan
  • RV University
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Rekan penulisOrganisasiArtikel bersama
Angkasa AngkasaJenderal Soedirman University2
Filep WamafmaSekolah Tinggi Ilmu Hukum Manokwari2
Rani HendrianaJenderal Soedirman University2
Ogiandhafiz JuandaNasional University2
Firman Freaddy BusrohSekolah Tinggi Ilmu Hukum Sumpah Pemuda1
Fatria KhairoSekolah Tinggi Ilmu Hukum Sumpah Pemuda1
Aprila NiravitaState University of Semarang1
Muhamad IqbalUniversitas Pamulang1
Iin IndrianiUniversitas Pamulang1
SusantoUniversitas Pamulang1
Setya WahyudiJenderal Soedirman University1
Dwiki OktobrianJenderal Soedirman University1
Mohd Hazmi Mohd RusliUniversiti Sains Islam Malaysia1
Nur KhasanahUniversitas Islam Negeri K.H. Abdurrahman Wahid Pekalongan1
Tiyas Vika WidyastutiUniversitas Pancasakti Tegal1
Amad SudiroTarumanagara University1
Hamja HamjaUniversitas Wiralodra1
Dey RavenaBandung Islamic University1
Maya ShafiraLampung University1
Erna DewiLampung University1
Hariyanto HariyantoUniversitas Islam Negeri Profesor Kiai Haji Saifuddin Zuhri Purwokerto1
Riris ArdhanariswariJenderal Soedirman University1
Abdul Aziz NasihuddinJenderal Soedirman University1
Muhammad FauzanJenderal Soedirman University1
Imam AsmarudinJenderal Soedirman University1
Siswanto SiswantoUniversitas Tidar1
Havis AravikSekolah Tinggi Ekonomi dan Bisnis Syariah Indo Global Mandiri1
RosmanilaAfiliasi tidak diketahui1
Zico Junius FernandoUniversity of Bengkulu1
Achmad CholidinUniversitas Muhammadiyah Jakarta1
Laily RatnaUniversitas Prof. Dr. Hazairin SH.1

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Sumber metadata: OAI-PMH (metadata jurnal) https://journal.unnes.ac.id/journals/islrev/oai, pertama di-harvest 6 Nov 2026, terakhir terlihat 8 Nov 2026.
Metadata asli (oai_dc) 
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	<dc:title xml:lang="en">Implementation of Restorative Justice in the Criminal Justice System: A Comparative Study between Indonesia and India</dc:title>
	<dc:creator xml:lang="en">Hamzani, Achmad Irwan</dc:creator>
	<dc:creator xml:lang="en">Loso, Loso</dc:creator>
	<dc:creator xml:lang="en">Bhanu Prakash Nunna</dc:creator>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Restorative Justice </dc:subject>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Criminal Justice Reform</dc:subject>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Regulation</dc:subject>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Community Participation</dc:subject>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Comparative Law</dc:subject>
	<dc:description xml:lang="en">Restorative Justice has emerged as a progressive response to the limitations of the retributive approach within criminal justice systems. Both Indonesia and India demonstrate a growing inclination toward adopting Restorative Justice as a more humanistic mechanism for social restoration. This study aims to analyze and compare the policies and implementation of Restorative Justice in Indonesia and India, while highlighting the challenges and opportunities for its development. The research employs a normative legal method with a comparative and qualitative approach, using secondary data in the form of legal documents and scholarly articles, analyzed through online content analysis techniques. The findings indicate that both countries share fundamental principles of Restorative Justice, such as victim participation, mediation, and the restoration of social relationships. However, there are significant differences in legal frameworks, procedural flexibility, and institutional support: Indonesia demonstrates greater adaptability to local and community values, whereas India remains largely confined to the juvenile justice system and reliant on judicial discretion. This study offers a novelty in the form of a comprehensive mapping of the normative and structural dynamics of Restorative Justice within the South and Southeast Asian contexts, which have been underexplored in comparative legal research. The implications underscore the need for strengthening national regulations and institutional synergy as critical prerequisites for the sustainable implementation of Restorative Justice. The study also recommends the development of a flexible, community-based institutional model to advance criminal justice systems toward more inclusive, transformative, and participatory justice.</dc:description>
	<dc:publisher xml:lang="en">Universitas Negeri Semarang</dc:publisher>
	<dc:date>2025-12-29</dc:date>
	<dc:type>info:eu-repo/semantics/article</dc:type>
	<dc:type>info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion</dc:type>
	<dc:format>application/pdf</dc:format>
	<dc:identifier>https://journal.unnes.ac.id/journals/islrev/article/view/28426</dc:identifier>
	<dc:identifier>10.15294/islrev.v8i2.28426</dc:identifier>
	<dc:source xml:lang="en">Indonesian State Law Review (ISLRev); Vol. 8 No. 2 (2025): Indonesian State Law Review, October 2025; 114-152</dc:source>
	<dc:source>2654-8763</dc:source>
	<dc:source>2654-3125</dc:source>
	<dc:source>10.15294/islrev.v8i2</dc:source>
	<dc:language>eng</dc:language>
	<dc:relation>https://journal.unnes.ac.id/journals/islrev/article/view/28426/7798</dc:relation>
	<dc:rights xml:lang="en">Copyright (c) 2025 Achmad Irwan Hamzani, Loso Loso, Nunna Bhanu Prakash (Author)</dc:rights>
	<dc:rights xml:lang="en">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0</dc:rights>
</oai_dc:dc>