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Physical and Chemical Characteristics of Bio-Oil From Pyrolysis of Moringa Oleifera Seeds Using Microwave Technology

Jurnal Bahan Alam Terbarukan · Vol. 14 No. 2 (2025) · hlm. 59–66

DOI
10.15294/jbat.v14i2.29284
ISSN
2407-2370, 2303-0623
Terbit
2025-12-28
Penerbit
Universitas Negeri Semarang
Bahasa
eng

Abstrak

This research aims to assess the potential of bio-oil from Moringa oleifera seeds through the analysis of physical and chemical characteristics resulting from the pyrolysis process. Raw materials in the form of Moringa oleifera seed powder were pyrolyzed at 400°C using a microwave reactor. To create oxygen free pyrolysis conditions, nitrogen gas was constantly flowed into the system at a rate of 0.15 NL/min. The process temperature was monitored using a K-type thermocouple, and the reaction was stopped when condensed vapor output was no longer observed. The pyrolysis products in the form of bio-oil and bio-char were then collected and weighed to determine the product fraction. Furthermore, the bio-oil was analyzed to determine its physical and chemical properties, including density, pH, and an indication of its constituent compound components. The results showed that pyrolysis under these conditions produced a dominant amount of bio-char (54.3%) and bio-oil of 24.7% of the total weight. The bio-oil obtained had a high density, in the range of 0.97-1.00 g/cm³, with a relatively acidic pH of 4.5-5.5. Although the bio-oil yield is not high, its complex chemical properties, particularly the content of phenolic compounds, nitriles, and amides, show great potential to be developed as a valuable bio-chemical base material such as antioxidants, biophenols, resins, and bioplastic raw materials. These findings strengthen the prospect of Moringa oleifera seeds as a strategic local biomass for sustainable bioindustry.

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  • State University of Semarang
  • Diponegoro University
  • Universiti Malaysia Pahang Al-Sultan Abdullah
  • State University of Malang
  • INTI International University
  • Universitas Halu Oleo
  • Tun Hussein Onn University of Malaysia
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Rekan penulisOrganisasiArtikel bersama
Januar Parlaungan SiregarUniversiti Malaysia Pahang Al-Sultan Abdullah11
Tezara CionitaINTI International University8
Al Ichlas ImranUniversitas Halu Oleo5
Yeri SutopoState University of Semarang4
Athanasius Priharyoto BayusenoDiponegoro University4
Sonika MaulanaState University of Semarang4
Muhammad KhumaediState University of Semarang3
Rifky IsmailDiponegoro University3
Jamiluddin JaafarTun Hussein Onn University of Malaysia3
Muhammad Ziddun Ni’amAfiliasi tidak diketahui3
WahyudiAfiliasi tidak diketahui3
Widya AryadiState University of Semarang2
Karnowo KarnowoState University of Semarang2
Agustinus Purna IrawanTarumanagara University2
Yusuf SubagyoDiponegoro University2
Baharudin PriwintokoDiponegoro University2
Rifky IsmailDiponegoro University2
Rozanna DewiMalikussaleh University2
M. R. M. RejabUniversiti Malaysia Pahang Al-Sultan Abdullah2
Agung Efriyo HadiUniversitas Malahayati2
Muji SetiyoUniversitas Muhammadiyah Magelang2
Agus PrasetyoDiponegoro University2
Risky IsmailAfiliasi tidak diketahui2
Muhammad AfrizalDiponegoro University2
Janviter ManaluCenderawasih University2
Achmad Erlangga Bintang SamodraAfiliasi tidak diketahui2
Bagas Satria Adjie PratamaState University of Semarang2
Sri Endah WahyuningsihState University of Semarang1
Amalia ShofiState University of Semarang1
Sri Endah WahyuningsihState University of Semarang1
Agita Ainur RizqiyahState University of Semarang1
Kuat NursiamState University of Semarang1
Wirawan SumbodoState University of Semarang1
Rizqi Fitri NaryantoState University of Semarang1

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Sumber metadata: OAI-PMH (metadata jurnal) https://journal.unnes.ac.id/journals/jbat/oai, pertama di-harvest 6 Nov 2026, terakhir terlihat 8 Nov 2026.
Metadata asli (oai_dc) 
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	<dc:title xml:lang="en">Physical and Chemical Characteristics of Bio-Oil From Pyrolysis of Moringa Oleifera Seeds Using Microwave Technology</dc:title>
	<dc:creator xml:lang="en">Abram Puspa Pramudita</dc:creator>
	<dc:creator xml:lang="en">samsudin anis</dc:creator>
	<dc:creator xml:lang="en">Wahyudi</dc:creator>
	<dc:creator xml:lang="en">Fitriyana, Deni Fajar</dc:creator>
	<dc:creator xml:lang="en">Halim, Sonika Maulana</dc:creator>
	<dc:creator xml:lang="en">Sukarni</dc:creator>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en">biomass, bio-oil, characteristics, moringa oleifera, seeds, pyrolysis</dc:subject>
	<dc:description xml:lang="en">This research aims to assess the potential of bio-oil from Moringa oleifera seeds through the analysis of physical and chemical characteristics resulting from the pyrolysis process. Raw materials in the form of Moringa oleifera seed powder were pyrolyzed at 400°C using a microwave reactor. To create oxygen free pyrolysis conditions, nitrogen gas was constantly flowed into the system at a rate of 0.15 NL/min. The process temperature was monitored using a K-type thermocouple, and the reaction was stopped when condensed vapor output was no longer observed. The pyrolysis products in the form of bio-oil and bio-char were then collected and weighed to determine the product fraction. Furthermore, the bio-oil was analyzed to determine its physical and chemical properties, including density, pH, and an indication of its constituent compound components. The results showed that pyrolysis under these conditions produced a dominant amount of bio-char (54.3%) and bio-oil of 24.7% of the total weight. The bio-oil obtained had a high density, in the range of 0.97-1.00 g/cm³, with a relatively acidic pH of 4.5-5.5. Although the bio-oil yield is not high, its complex chemical properties, particularly the content of phenolic compounds, nitriles, and amides, show great potential to be developed as a valuable bio-chemical base material such as antioxidants, biophenols, resins, and bioplastic raw materials. These findings strengthen the prospect of Moringa oleifera seeds as a strategic local biomass for sustainable bioindustry.</dc:description>
	<dc:publisher xml:lang="en">Universitas Negeri Semarang</dc:publisher>
	<dc:date>2025-12-28</dc:date>
	<dc:type>info:eu-repo/semantics/article</dc:type>
	<dc:type>info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion</dc:type>
	<dc:type xml:lang="en">Peer-reviewed Article</dc:type>
	<dc:format>application/pdf</dc:format>
	<dc:identifier>https://journal.unnes.ac.id/journals/jbat/article/view/29284</dc:identifier>
	<dc:identifier>10.15294/jbat.v14i2.29284</dc:identifier>
	<dc:source xml:lang="en">Jurnal Bahan Alam Terbarukan; Vol. 14 No. 2 (2025): December 2025 [Nationally Accredited Sinta 3]; 59 - 66</dc:source>
	<dc:source>2407-2370</dc:source>
	<dc:source>2303-0623</dc:source>
	<dc:source>10.15294/jbat.v14i2</dc:source>
	<dc:language>eng</dc:language>
	<dc:relation>https://journal.unnes.ac.id/journals/jbat/article/view/29284/7792</dc:relation>
	<dc:rights xml:lang="en">Copyright (c) 2025 Jurnal Bahan Alam Terbarukan</dc:rights>
</oai_dc:dc>