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GPS-Based Proximity Detection System Between Ship and Buoy for Marine Navigation

Journal of Communication Systems, Networks, and Security · Vol. 1 No. 1 (2026) · hlm. 28–33

DOI
10.68129/jcsns.v1i1.52
ISSN
3163-5539
Terbit
2026-07-20
Penerbit
Politeknik Elektronika Negeri Surabaya
Bahasa
eng
Lisensi
creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0

Abstrak

Maritime navigation safety remains a major concern, especially for small vessels that lack advanced navigation aids such as radar or AIS. This study proposes a proximity detection system between a ship and a buoy using GPS data, LoRa communication, and ThingsBoard visualization. The ship node periodically transmits its coordinates through LoRa. In contrast, the buoy node receives the ship position, reads its own GPS coordinates, calculates the separation distance using the Haversine formula, and determines the system status as SAFE or ALERT based on a 50 m threshold. The processed telemetry is then forwarded to a gateway and visualized in real time on ThingsBoard. Experiments were conducted at distances of 10-100 m under two scenarios, with and without an obstacle. In the open-area condition, the system achieved an average percentage error of 3.42%, a mean absolute error (MAE) of 1.82 m, and a root mean square error (RMSE) of 2.47 m. Under obstacle conditions, the average percentage error increased to 24.07%, with MAE and RMSE values of 6.36 m and 6.93 m, respectively. Communication performance remained stable, with a 200-230 ms delay, RSSI values in the good category, and packet loss between 0% and 10%. These results show that the proposed system can provide an affordable early-warning solution for ship-buoy proximity monitoring.

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  • Politeknik Negeri Malang
  • Universitas Muhammadiyah Semarang
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  • Organisasi sama
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Tampilkan sebagai tabel
Rekan penulisOrganisasiArtikel bersama
Anang BudikarsoAfiliasi tidak diketahui2
Budi AswoyoAfiliasi tidak diketahui2
Rahardhita Widyatra SudibyoAfiliasi tidak diketahui2
Haniah MahmudahAfiliasi tidak diketahui2
Fitri FitriahAfiliasi tidak diketahui2
Hari Wahjuningrat SuparnoAfiliasi tidak diketahui2
Muhammad Hendra SyahputraAfiliasi tidak diketahui2
Moechammad SarosaPoliteknik Negeri Malang1
mohammad ridwanUniversitas Muhammadiyah Semarang1
Afina Nabila DirganingsihAfiliasi tidak diketahui1
Yoedy MoegihartoAfiliasi tidak diketahui1
Muchammad Yahya Ma’rufAfiliasi tidak diketahui1
Paramitha Eka Wahyu LestariAfiliasi tidak diketahui1
Urifah Nur RohmahAfiliasi tidak diketahui1
Ida AnisahAfiliasi tidak diketahui1
Syukriah SyukriahAfiliasi tidak diketahui1
Indri YettiAfiliasi tidak diketahui1
Novia Vivi YantiAfiliasi tidak diketahui1
Zaki FuadAfiliasi tidak diketahui1
Cut Dian FitriAfiliasi tidak diketahui1
Endang SilaningsihAfiliasi tidak diketahui1
Puji WahonoAfiliasi tidak diketahui1

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Sumber metadata: OAI-PMH (metadata jurnal) https://journals.pens.ac.id/index.php/jcsns/oai, pertama di-harvest 6 Nov 2026, terakhir terlihat 8 Nov 2026.
Metadata asli (oai_dc) 
<oai_dc:dc xmlns="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/" xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:oai_dc="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/  http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc.xsd">
	<dc:title xml:lang="en">GPS-Based Proximity Detection System Between Ship and Buoy for Marine Navigation</dc:title>
	<dc:creator xml:lang="en">Muhammad Edo Listiawan</dc:creator>
	<dc:creator xml:lang="en">Sa'adah, Nihayatus</dc:creator>
	<dc:creator xml:lang="en">Muna, Nailul </dc:creator>
	<dc:creator xml:lang="en">Nisa', Karimatun</dc:creator>
	<dc:creator xml:lang="en">Nadziroh, Faridatun</dc:creator>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en">GPS</dc:subject>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Haversine</dc:subject>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en">LoRa</dc:subject>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Maritime Navigation</dc:subject>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Proximity Detection</dc:subject>
	<dc:description xml:lang="en">Maritime navigation safety remains a major concern, especially for small vessels that lack advanced navigation aids such as radar or AIS. This study proposes a proximity detection system between a ship and a buoy using GPS data, LoRa communication, and ThingsBoard visualization. The ship node periodically transmits its coordinates through LoRa. In contrast, the buoy node receives the ship position, reads its own GPS coordinates, calculates the separation distance using the Haversine formula, and determines the system status as SAFE or ALERT based on a 50 m threshold. The processed telemetry is then forwarded to a gateway and visualized in real time on ThingsBoard. Experiments were conducted at distances of 10-100 m under two scenarios, with and without an obstacle. In the open-area condition, the system achieved an average percentage error of 3.42%, a mean absolute error (MAE) of 1.82 m, and a root mean square error (RMSE) of 2.47 m. Under obstacle conditions, the average percentage error increased to 24.07%, with MAE and RMSE values of 6.36 m and 6.93 m, respectively. Communication performance remained stable, with a 200-230 ms delay, RSSI values in the good category, and packet loss between 0% and 10%. These results show that the proposed system can provide an affordable early-warning solution for ship-buoy proximity monitoring.</dc:description>
	<dc:publisher xml:lang="en">Politeknik Elektronika Negeri Surabaya</dc:publisher>
	<dc:date>2026-07-20</dc:date>
	<dc:type>info:eu-repo/semantics/article</dc:type>
	<dc:type>info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion</dc:type>
	<dc:type xml:lang="en">Peer-reviewed Article</dc:type>
	<dc:format>application/pdf</dc:format>
	<dc:identifier>https://journals.pens.ac.id/jcsns/article/view/52</dc:identifier>
	<dc:identifier>10.68129/jcsns.v1i1.52</dc:identifier>
	<dc:source xml:lang="en">Journal of Communication Systems, Networks, and Security; Vol. 1 No. 1 (2026): April; 28-33</dc:source>
	<dc:source>3163-5539</dc:source>
	<dc:language>eng</dc:language>
	<dc:relation>https://journals.pens.ac.id/jcsns/article/view/52/46</dc:relation>
	<dc:rights xml:lang="en">Copyright (c) 2026 Muhammad Edo Listiawan, Nihayatus Sa'adah, Nailul  Muna, Karimatun Nisa', Faridatun Nadziroh</dc:rights>
	<dc:rights xml:lang="en">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0</dc:rights>
</oai_dc:dc>