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Lifestyle Factors are Related to Hypertension in Indonesia: K-Means Clustering And Correlational Study

Journal of Creativity Student · Vol. 8 No. 1 (2025) · hlm. 108–114

DOI
10.15294/jcs.v8i1.25450
ISSN
2502-1958, 2962-603X
Terbit
2025-07-28
Penerbit
Universitas Negeri Semarang
Bahasa
eng

Abstrak

Background: Hypertension is a major health problem in Indonesia with complex risk factors, including lifestyle. This study aims to analyze the relationship between consumption of salty foods, instant noodles, sweet drinks, and smoking with the prevalence of hypertension at the provincial level. Methods: This cross-sectional study used data from 38 provinces in Indonesia in 2023. Normality tests were carried out followed by Spearman correlation analysis to measure the relationship between variables. Results: Consumption of salty foods showed a strong positive correlation with hypertension (p<0.001), while instant noodles had a moderate negative correlation that was not significant (p=0.052). No significant relationship was found between hypertension and consumption of soft drinks (p=0.210), energy drinks (p=0.280), or smoking (p=0.540). Conclusion: Excessive salt intake is a dominant risk factor for hypertension in Indonesia, which requires policy intervention, and the insignificance of other lifestyle factors requires further research with a longitudinal approach and multivariate analysis.

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  • State University of Semarang
  • Diponegoro University
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  • Organisasi berbeda
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Tampilkan sebagai tabel
Rekan penulisOrganisasiArtikel bersama
Oktia Woro Kasmini HandayaniState University of Semarang8
Intan ZainafreeAfiliasi tidak diketahui6
Dina Nur Anggraini NingrumAfiliasi tidak diketahui5
Mahalul AzamAfiliasi tidak diketahui5
Yuni WijayantiAfiliasi tidak diketahui5
Eko FaridaAfiliasi tidak diketahui4
Nur SiyamAfiliasi tidak diketahui3
Evi WidowatiAfiliasi tidak diketahui3
Ari YuniastutiState University of Semarang3
Lukman FauziAfiliasi tidak diketahui3
Alfiana Ainun NisaAfiliasi tidak diketahui3
Bertakalswa HermawatiAfiliasi tidak diketahui2
Wandah WibawantoAfiliasi tidak diketahui2
Natalia Desy PutriningtyasAfiliasi tidak diketahui2
Margareta RahayuningsihAfiliasi tidak diketahui2
Russiska RussiskaAfiliasi tidak diketahui2
Hanif Pandu SuhitoAfiliasi tidak diketahui2
Sri Ratna RahayuAfiliasi tidak diketahui2
Casmuti CasmutiAfiliasi tidak diketahui2
Tandiyo RahayuAfiliasi tidak diketahui2
Sofwan IndarjoState University of Semarang2
Puput EdiyarsariAfiliasi tidak diketahui2
Oktaviani CahyaningsihAfiliasi tidak diketahui2
Imam SubhiAfiliasi tidak diketahui2
Chatila MaharaniAfiliasi tidak diketahui2
Muhamad Zakki SaefurrohimAfiliasi tidak diketahui2
Selvia Mayka SyahputriAfiliasi tidak diketahui1
Karima Jafina Azka AnjaliAfiliasi tidak diketahui1
Agus RiyantoDiponegoro University1
Devita Uzlah SibaraniAfiliasi tidak diketahui1
Ika UtamiAfiliasi tidak diketahui1
Tri Septa AnggrainiAfiliasi tidak diketahui1
Arum SiwiendrayantiState University of Semarang1
Siti Ainun NadhirohAfiliasi tidak diketahui1
Igadhini VitriyanaAfiliasi tidak diketahui1
Eka Radiyani OktaviaAfiliasi tidak diketahui1
Fatehah Rahma AgustinAfiliasi tidak diketahui1

Afiliasi berasal dari OpenAlex; metadata OAI-PMH jurnal tidak memuatnya. Penulis tanpa ID OpenAlex dicocokkan berdasarkan nama, sehingga dua orang bisa tergabung atau satu orang bisa terpisah.

Sumber metadata: OAI-PMH (metadata jurnal) https://journal.unnes.ac.id/journals/jcs/oai, pertama di-harvest 6 Nov 2026, terakhir terlihat 6 Nov 2026.
Metadata asli (oai_dc) 
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	<dc:title xml:lang="en">Lifestyle Factors are Related to Hypertension in Indonesia: K-Means Clustering And Correlational Study</dc:title>
	<dc:creator xml:lang="en">Syahroni, Arfan</dc:creator>
	<dc:creator xml:lang="en">Cahyati, Widya Hary </dc:creator>
	<dc:creator xml:lang="en">Budiono, Irwan </dc:creator>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en">correlational study, factors, hypertension, lifestyle</dc:subject>
	<dc:description xml:lang="en">Background: Hypertension is a major health problem in Indonesia with complex risk factors, including lifestyle. This study aims to analyze the relationship between consumption of salty foods, instant noodles, sweet drinks, and smoking with the prevalence of hypertension at the provincial level. Methods: This cross-sectional study used data from 38 provinces in Indonesia in 2023. Normality tests were carried out followed by Spearman correlation analysis to measure the relationship between variables. Results: Consumption of salty foods showed a strong positive correlation with hypertension (p&amp;lt;0.001), while instant noodles had a moderate negative correlation that was not significant (p=0.052). No significant relationship was found between hypertension and consumption of soft drinks (p=0.210), energy drinks (p=0.280), or smoking (p=0.540). Conclusion: Excessive salt intake is a dominant risk factor for hypertension in Indonesia, which requires policy intervention, and the insignificance of other lifestyle factors requires further research with a longitudinal approach and multivariate analysis.</dc:description>
	<dc:publisher xml:lang="en">Universitas Negeri Semarang</dc:publisher>
	<dc:date>2025-07-28</dc:date>
	<dc:type>info:eu-repo/semantics/article</dc:type>
	<dc:type>info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion</dc:type>
	<dc:format>application/pdf</dc:format>
	<dc:identifier>https://journal.unnes.ac.id/journals/jcs/article/view/25450</dc:identifier>
	<dc:identifier>10.15294/jcs.v8i1.25450</dc:identifier>
	<dc:source xml:lang="en">Journal of Creativity Student; Vol. 8 No. 1 (2025); 108-114</dc:source>
	<dc:source>2502-1958</dc:source>
	<dc:source>2962-603X</dc:source>
	<dc:source>10.15294/jcs.v8i1</dc:source>
	<dc:language>eng</dc:language>
	<dc:relation>https://journal.unnes.ac.id/journals/jcs/article/view/25450/5272</dc:relation>
	<dc:rights xml:lang="en">Copyright (c) 2025 Journal of Creativity Student</dc:rights>
</oai_dc:dc>