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Social Demographic Factors in High-Risk Pregnancy: Analysis of Indonesian Health Survey Data 2023

Journal of Creativity Student · Vol. 8 No. 2 (2025) · hlm. 207–216

DOI
10.15294/jcs.v8i2.27145
ISSN
2502-1958, 2962-603X
Terbit
2025-07-28
Penerbit
Universitas Negeri Semarang
Bahasa
eng

Abstrak

High-risk pregnancy is a condition that can negatively impact the health of both the mother and the fetus. Social and demographic factors such as maternal age, educational level, economic status, employment, and place of residence contribute to pregnancy risk levels. Indonesia continues to experience a high maternal mortality rate (MMR), necessitating an in-depth analysis of the social determinants affecting high-risk pregnancies. This study employs a cross-sectional design and utilizes secondary data from the 2023 Indonesian Health Survey (SKI). The study sample consists of 46,699 pregnant women from 38 provinces across Indonesia. The independent variables include maternal age, education, employment, economic status, and place of residence, while the dependent variable is high-risk pregnancy. Data analysis was conducted using the chi-square test to identify associations between social determinants and pregnancy risk. The findings indicate that 15.4% of pregnant women experience risk factors in their pregnancy. Significant social factors associated with high-risk pregnancy include maternal age, education level, employment, place of residence, and economic status (p 35 years) are at higher risk. Women with low education levels, unemployment, and lower economic status are also more vulnerable to high-risk pregnancies. High-risk pregnancy is influenced by various social and demographic factors. Therefore, inclusive health policies are needed to improve maternal healthcare access, especially for high-risk groups. Health education programs on reproductive health and increased access to prenatal healthcare services can help reduce the prevalence of high-risk pregnancies in Indonesia.

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  • State University of Semarang
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Mahalul AzamAfiliasi tidak diketahui6
Ari YuniastutiState University of Semarang6
Dina Nur Anggraini NingrumAfiliasi tidak diketahui6
Intan ZainafreeAfiliasi tidak diketahui5
Nur SiyamAfiliasi tidak diketahui4
Irwan BudionoAfiliasi tidak diketahui4
Evi WidowatiAfiliasi tidak diketahui4
Yuni WijayantiAfiliasi tidak diketahui4
Puput EdiyarsariAfiliasi tidak diketahui3
Setya RahayuAfiliasi tidak diketahui3
Tandiyo RahayuAfiliasi tidak diketahui3
Sri Ratna RahayuAfiliasi tidak diketahui3
Galuh Nita PrameswariAfiliasi tidak diketahui2
Wandah WibawantoAfiliasi tidak diketahui2
Margareta RahayuningsihAfiliasi tidak diketahui2
Russiska RussiskaAfiliasi tidak diketahui2
Hanif Pandu SuhitoAfiliasi tidak diketahui2
Sofwan IndarjoState University of Semarang2
Natalia Desy PutriningtyasAfiliasi tidak diketahui2
‪Eram Tunggul Pawenang‬State University of Semarang2
Eko FaridaAfiliasi tidak diketahui2
Ida Leida MariaAfiliasi tidak diketahui1
Sri Achadi NugraheniAfiliasi tidak diketahui1
Saniya Ilma ArifaAfiliasi tidak diketahui1
Janu PurwonoAfiliasi tidak diketahui1
Selvia Mayka SyahputriAfiliasi tidak diketahui1
Karima Jafina Azka AnjaliAfiliasi tidak diketahui1
Agus RiyantoDiponegoro University1
Devita Uzlah SibaraniAfiliasi tidak diketahui1
Ika UtamiAfiliasi tidak diketahui1
Tri Septa AnggrainiAfiliasi tidak diketahui1
Farissa UlfaAfiliasi tidak diketahui1
Shefi UmiasihAfiliasi tidak diketahui1
Arum SiwiendrayantiState University of Semarang1
Siti Ainun NadhirohAfiliasi tidak diketahui1
Eka Radiyani OktaviaAfiliasi tidak diketahui1
Fatehah Rahma AgustinAfiliasi tidak diketahui1

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Sumber metadata: OAI-PMH (metadata jurnal) https://journal.unnes.ac.id/journals/jcs/oai, pertama di-harvest 6 Nov 2026, terakhir terlihat 6 Nov 2026.
Metadata asli (oai_dc) 
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	<dc:title xml:lang="en">Social Demographic Factors in High-Risk Pregnancy: Analysis of Indonesian Health Survey Data 2023</dc:title>
	<dc:creator xml:lang="en">Suksesty, Catur Erty</dc:creator>
	<dc:creator xml:lang="en">Cahyati , Widya Hary </dc:creator>
	<dc:creator xml:lang="en">Handayani, Oktia Woro Kasmini </dc:creator>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en">high-risk pregnancy, social determinants, maternal health, Indonesian Health Survey</dc:subject>
	<dc:description xml:lang="en">High-risk pregnancy is a condition that can negatively impact the health of both the mother and the fetus. Social and demographic factors such as maternal age, educational level, economic status, employment, and place of residence contribute to pregnancy risk levels. Indonesia continues to experience a high maternal mortality rate (MMR), necessitating an in-depth analysis of the social determinants affecting high-risk pregnancies. This study employs a cross-sectional design and utilizes secondary data from the 2023 Indonesian Health Survey (SKI). The study sample consists of 46,699 pregnant women from 38 provinces across Indonesia. The independent variables include maternal age, education, employment, economic status, and place of residence, while the dependent variable is high-risk pregnancy. Data analysis was conducted using the chi-square test to identify associations between social determinants and pregnancy risk. The findings indicate that 15.4% of pregnant women experience risk factors in their pregnancy. Significant social factors associated with high-risk pregnancy include maternal age, education level, employment, place of residence, and economic status (p &amp;lt; 0.05). Adolescent mothers (aged 10–19 years) and older mothers (&amp;gt;35 years) are at higher risk. Women with low education levels, unemployment, and lower economic status are also more vulnerable to high-risk pregnancies. High-risk pregnancy is influenced by various social and demographic factors. Therefore, inclusive health policies are needed to improve maternal healthcare access, especially for high-risk groups. Health education programs on reproductive health and increased access to prenatal healthcare services can help reduce the prevalence of high-risk pregnancies in Indonesia.</dc:description>
	<dc:publisher xml:lang="en">Universitas Negeri Semarang</dc:publisher>
	<dc:date>2025-07-28</dc:date>
	<dc:type>info:eu-repo/semantics/article</dc:type>
	<dc:type>info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion</dc:type>
	<dc:format>application/pdf</dc:format>
	<dc:identifier>https://journal.unnes.ac.id/journals/jcs/article/view/27145</dc:identifier>
	<dc:identifier>10.15294/jcs.v8i2.27145</dc:identifier>
	<dc:source xml:lang="en">Journal of Creativity Student; Vol. 8 No. 2 (2025); 207-216</dc:source>
	<dc:source>2502-1958</dc:source>
	<dc:source>2962-603X</dc:source>
	<dc:source>10.15294/jcs.v8i2</dc:source>
	<dc:language>eng</dc:language>
	<dc:relation>https://journal.unnes.ac.id/journals/jcs/article/view/27145/5292</dc:relation>
	<dc:rights xml:lang="en">Copyright (c) 2025 Journal of Creativity Student</dc:rights>
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