Air pollution is the leading cause of environment-related deaths globally, with 8.3 million fatalities in 2017. Indonesia, as one of the largest contributors to air pollution, faces challenges in managing air quality, particularly in industrial and high-traffic areas. This study analyzes air quality at the border of Nagan Raya and West Aceh Regencies and its impact on community respiratory health. A mixed-method approach was used, including PM2.5 and PM10 measurements at eight strategic locations and in-depth interviews with residents and stakeholders. The results indicate that PM2.5 and PM10 concentrations are mostly within safe limits according to WHO and national air quality standards. However, some locations in West Aceh exceed the threshold, particularly within 100–300 meters of pollution sources. Transportation and industry are the main contributors, with greater health impacts observed during the dry season. Acute Respiratory Infections (ARI) are the most prevalent diseases, with higher cases in Nagan Raya despite lower pollution levels, suggesting other influencing factors such as population density and environmental sanitation. In conclusion, although air quality is generally within safe limits, significant health risks remain. Mitigation efforts such as tree planting, road spraying, and intensive air quality monitoring are necessary.
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