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Balancing Pharmaceutical Innovation, Protection for Local Industries, and Potential Evergreening: An Analysis of Indonesia's Patent Law Amendments

Journal of Indonesian Legal Studies · Vol. 10 No. 2 (2025) · hlm. 633–666

DOI
10.15294/jils.v10i2.31175
ISSN
2548-1592, 2548-1584
Terbit
2025-11-30
Penerbit
Universitas Negeri Semarang
Bahasa
eng
Lisensi
creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0

Abstrak

Recent changes to the Patent Law in Indonesia have sparked discussion regarding efforts to balance pharmaceutical innovation, protection of local industries, and the potential for evergreening practices. This study is a doctrinal research that uses a multi-approach analysis to examine the interaction between these variables in the context of Patent Law Number 65 of 2024. The study draws on literature reviews, theories and concepts related to drug patents, the pharmaceutical industry, the right to affordable medicine, and the evergreening. The research also includes an analysis of relevant laws and regulations, including the Patent Law before and after the amendment, to identify the changes and the underlying legal politics. The results show that the removal of Article 4 (f) of the Patent Law, which previously excluded certain inventions as inventions, may open up opportunities for the evergreening. However, the government argues that the deletion aims to protect local pharmaceutical companies and broaden the definition of invention. This study critically examines these claims, taking into account the readiness of the local pharmaceutical industry to compete with multinational corporations. In addition, there is a need for a strict control mechanism to ensure the validity of the invention in the patent as well as an objective evaluation of the inventive step and its therapeutic value. This study concludes that without adequate planning, the extension of patent protection to minor modifications may prolong commercial dominance of drugs, open opportunities for evergreening practices and ultimately hinder public access to essential and affordable drugs.

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  • Universitas Halu Oleo
  • Diponegoro University
  • Lambung Mangkurat University
  • Janabadra University
  • National University of Malaysia
  • Universitas Islam As-Syafi'iyah
  • Universitas Tidar
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Rekan penulisOrganisasiArtikel bersama
Arnanda YusliwidakaUniversitas Tidar5
Sudiyana SudiyanaJanabadra University3
TERRY PAKKIUniversitas Halu Oleo2
Asniah AsniahUniversitas Halu Oleo2
Nabeel Mahdi AlthabhawiNational University of Malaysia2
Zaki MubarokUniversity of Wollongong2
Ajar BuditamaThe University of Melbourne2
Saidatul Nadia Abd AzizNational University of Malaysia2
Peni SusetyoriniDiponegoro University2
MIRZA ARSIATY ARSYADUniversitas Halu Oleo1
Abdul RahmanUniversitas Halu Oleo1
MUHAMMAD TAUFIKUniversitas Halu Oleo1
Sukma AyuUniversitas Halu Oleo1
MARIADI MARIADIUniversitas Halu Oleo1
YAS WENDAUniversitas Halu Oleo1
Vit Neru SatrahUniversitas Halu Oleo1
Taufik TaufikUniversitas Airlangga1
Abdul KadirInstitut Agama Islam Negeri Kendari1
Priska Maulidina Ayu AnantaDiponegoro University1
Efridani LubisUniversitas Islam As-Syafi'iyah1
Nurwidiatmo NurwidiatmoUniversitas Islam As-Syafi'iyah1
Heru WidodoUniversitas Islam As-Syafi'iyah1
Prastopo PrastopoAfiliasi tidak diketahui1
Raden MurjiyatoAfiliasi tidak diketahui1
Ivida Dewi Amrih SuciJanabadra University1
Devi AndaniJanabadra University1
Raden MurjiyantoJanabadra University1
Nita AriyaniJanabadra University1
Nur LailyLambung Mangkurat University1
Fauzie RahmanLambung Mangkurat University1
Lisa FitrianiLambung Mangkurat University1
Aprilia Artati NurLambung Mangkurat University1
Raudatul JinanLambung Mangkurat University1
Rizka Elma SelvianaLambung Mangkurat University1
Joko SetiyonoDiponegoro University1

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Sumber metadata: OAI-PMH (metadata jurnal) https://journal.unnes.ac.id/journals/jils/oai, pertama di-harvest 6 Nov 2026, terakhir terlihat 8 Nov 2026.
Metadata asli (oai_dc) 
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	<dc:title xml:lang="en">Balancing Pharmaceutical Innovation, Protection for Local Industries, and Potential Evergreening: An Analysis of Indonesia's Patent Law Amendments</dc:title>
	<dc:creator xml:lang="en">Roisah, Kholis</dc:creator>
	<dc:creator xml:lang="en">Rahayu, Rahayu</dc:creator>
	<dc:creator xml:lang="en">Zaman, Muhamad Nafi Uz</dc:creator>
	<dc:creator xml:lang="en">Zainol, Zinatul Ashiqin </dc:creator>
	<dc:creator xml:lang="en">Mohd Zahir, Mohd Zamre </dc:creator>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Pharmaceutical Innovation</dc:subject>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Protection</dc:subject>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Local Industry</dc:subject>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Evergreening</dc:subject>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Indonesian Patent Law</dc:subject>
	<dc:description xml:lang="en">Recent changes to the Patent Law in Indonesia have sparked discussion regarding efforts to balance pharmaceutical innovation, protection of local industries, and the potential for evergreening practices. This study is a doctrinal research that uses a multi-approach analysis to examine the interaction between these variables in the context of Patent Law Number 65 of 2024. The study draws on literature reviews, theories and concepts related to drug patents, the pharmaceutical industry, the right to affordable medicine, and the evergreening. The research also includes an analysis of relevant laws and regulations, including the Patent Law before and after the amendment, to identify the changes and the underlying legal politics. The results show that the removal of Article 4 (f) of the Patent Law, which previously excluded certain inventions as inventions, may open up opportunities for the evergreening. However, the government argues that the deletion aims to protect local pharmaceutical companies and broaden the definition of invention. This study critically examines these claims, taking into account the readiness of the local pharmaceutical industry to compete with multinational corporations. In addition, there is a need for a strict control mechanism to ensure the validity of the invention in the patent as well as an objective evaluation of the inventive step and its therapeutic value. This study concludes that without adequate planning, the extension of patent protection to minor modifications may prolong commercial dominance of drugs, open opportunities for evergreening practices and ultimately hinder public access to essential and affordable drugs.</dc:description>
	<dc:publisher xml:lang="en">Universitas Negeri Semarang</dc:publisher>
	<dc:date>2025-11-30</dc:date>
	<dc:type>info:eu-repo/semantics/article</dc:type>
	<dc:type>info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion</dc:type>
	<dc:format>application/pdf</dc:format>
	<dc:identifier>https://journal.unnes.ac.id/journals/jils/article/view/31175</dc:identifier>
	<dc:identifier>10.15294/jils.v10i2.31175</dc:identifier>
	<dc:source xml:lang="en">Journal of Indonesian Legal Studies; Vol. 10 No. 2 (2025): Legal Responses to Technological Innovation and Governance Challenges in Indonesia and the Global Context; 633-666</dc:source>
	<dc:source>2548-1592</dc:source>
	<dc:source>2548-1584</dc:source>
	<dc:source>10.15294/jils.v10i2</dc:source>
	<dc:language>eng</dc:language>
	<dc:relation>https://journal.unnes.ac.id/journals/jils/article/view/31175/7313</dc:relation>
	<dc:rights xml:lang="en">Copyright (c) 2025 Kholis Roisah, Rahayu Rahayu, Muhamad Nafi Uz Zaman, Zinatul Ashiqin  Zainol, Mohd Zamre  Mohd Zahir (Author)</dc:rights>
	<dc:rights xml:lang="en">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0</dc:rights>
</oai_dc:dc>