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Foreign Investment and the Battle for Fair Competition: Assessing the Gaps in Indonesia’s Mineral Mining Regulations

Journal of Indonesian Legal Studies · Vol. 11 No. 1 (2026) · hlm. 487–523

DOI
10.15294/jils.v11i1.34679
ISSN
2548-1592, 2548-1584
Terbit
2026-08-30
Penerbit
Universitas Negeri Semarang
Bahasa
eng
Lisensi
creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0

Abstrak

Foreign investment in Indonesia’s mineral and coal mining sector has surged significantly, driven by growing global demand and the country’s strategic resource position, particularly amid the energy transition. However, this influx exposes two critical challenges. First, the investment regulatory framework remains fragmented and inconsistent, creating loopholes that enable foreign investors to dominate strategic national resources without sufficient safeguards for domestic stakeholders. Second, weak enforcement of competition law fosters unfair business practices, including cartel formation, abuse of dominant positions, collusive tendering, and regulatory manipulation through undue influence on public officials. These practices undermine fair competition, harm local enterprises, reduce state revenue, and threaten environmental sustainability. This study critically examines the gaps in Indonesia’s investment and competition legal frameworks and their interaction within the mining sector. Using a normative and comparative legal analysis, it reveals how governance weaknesses perpetuate imbalances in the business relationships between foreign and domestic actors. The principal contribution lies in proposing a legal policy reform agenda aimed at balancing the imperative of attracting foreign capital with ensuring equitable competition and responsible resource management. Recommendations emphasize regulatory harmonization, institutional strengthening, and the implementation of effective sanctions to foster a transparent, fair, and sustainable investment climate. This research is timely given Indonesia’s pivotal role in the global mineral supply chain and its commitment to sustainable development.

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  • Tadulako University
  • State University of Semarang
  • National University of Malaysia
  • Diponegoro University
  • Universidad Nacional de Colombia
  • Universitas Ichsan Gorontalo
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Rekan penulisOrganisasiArtikel bersama
Ridwan ArifinState University of Semarang2
Christina Noelia UmbríaAfiliasi tidak diketahui2
Andi Intan PurnamasariNational University of Malaysia2
Sergi Fernandez AlejandroAfiliasi tidak diketahui1
Elisabeth Christina TanUniversidad Nacional de Colombia1
Fitria DamayantiState University of Semarang1
Pujiyono PujiyonoDiponegoro University1
Bagus Hendradi KusumaState University of Semarang1
Ridwan ArifinState University of Semarang1
Barda Nawawi AriefDiponegoro University1
Rafika NurUniversitas Ichsan Gorontalo1
Susi SusilawatiTadulako University1
Baliana AmirTadulako University1
Muhammad IkbalTadulako University1
Sutarman YodoTadulako University1
Ikhsan SyafiuddinTadulako University1
Muhammad Ahsan SamadNational University of Malaysia1

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Sumber metadata: OAI-PMH (metadata jurnal) https://journal.unnes.ac.id/journals/jils/oai, pertama di-harvest 6 Nov 2026, terakhir terlihat 8 Nov 2026.
Metadata asli (oai_dc) 
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	<dc:title xml:lang="en">Foreign Investment and the Battle for Fair Competition: Assessing the Gaps in Indonesia’s Mineral Mining Regulations</dc:title>
	<dc:creator xml:lang="en">Lanini, Agus</dc:creator>
	<dc:creator xml:lang="en">Maddusila, Sitti Fatimah</dc:creator>
	<dc:creator xml:lang="en">Cassandro, Izan Mateo</dc:creator>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Foreign Investment</dc:subject>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Mining Law</dc:subject>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Unfair Competition</dc:subject>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Investment Regulation</dc:subject>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Law Enforcement</dc:subject>
	<dc:description xml:lang="en">Foreign investment in Indonesia’s mineral and coal mining sector has surged significantly, driven by growing global demand and the country’s strategic resource position, particularly amid the energy transition. However, this influx exposes two critical challenges. First, the investment regulatory framework remains fragmented and inconsistent, creating loopholes that enable foreign investors to dominate strategic national resources without sufficient safeguards for domestic stakeholders. Second, weak enforcement of competition law fosters unfair business practices, including cartel formation, abuse of dominant positions, collusive tendering, and regulatory manipulation through undue influence on public officials. These practices undermine fair competition, harm local enterprises, reduce state revenue, and threaten environmental sustainability. This study critically examines the gaps in Indonesia’s investment and competition legal frameworks and their interaction within the mining sector. Using a normative and comparative legal analysis, it reveals how governance weaknesses perpetuate imbalances in the business relationships between foreign and domestic actors. The principal contribution lies in proposing a legal policy reform agenda aimed at balancing the imperative of attracting foreign capital with ensuring equitable competition and responsible resource management. Recommendations emphasize regulatory harmonization, institutional strengthening, and the implementation of effective sanctions to foster a transparent, fair, and sustainable investment climate. This research is timely given Indonesia’s pivotal role in the global mineral supply chain and its commitment to sustainable development.</dc:description>
	<dc:publisher xml:lang="en">Universitas Negeri Semarang</dc:publisher>
	<dc:date>2026-08-30</dc:date>
	<dc:type>info:eu-repo/semantics/article</dc:type>
	<dc:type>info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion</dc:type>
	<dc:format>application/pdf</dc:format>
	<dc:identifier>https://journal.unnes.ac.id/journals/jils/article/view/34679</dc:identifier>
	<dc:identifier>10.15294/jils.v11i1.34679</dc:identifier>
	<dc:source xml:lang="en">Journal of Indonesian Legal Studies; Vol. 11 No. 1 (2026): Contemporary Legal Responses to Technological, Economic, and Social Change; 487-523</dc:source>
	<dc:source>2548-1592</dc:source>
	<dc:source>2548-1584</dc:source>
	<dc:source>10.15294/jils.v11i1</dc:source>
	<dc:language>eng</dc:language>
	<dc:relation>https://journal.unnes.ac.id/journals/jils/article/view/34679/11413</dc:relation>
	<dc:rights xml:lang="en">Copyright (c) 2026 Agus Lanini, Sitti Fatimah Maddusila, Izan Mateo Cassandro (Author)</dc:rights>
	<dc:rights xml:lang="en">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0</dc:rights>
</oai_dc:dc>