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Legal Protection and Certainty of Land Ownership in Post-Disaster Recovery: Evidence from Indonesia, Spain, and Oman

Journal of Law and Legal Reform · Vol. 7 No. 1 (2026) · hlm. 77–112

DOI
10.15294/jllr.v7i1.19431
ISSN
2715-0968, 2715-0941
Terbit
2026-01-26
Penerbit
Faculty of Law, Universitas Negeri Semarang, Indonesia
Bahasa
eng
Lisensi
creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0

Abstrak

This study investigates the legal protection and certainty of land ownership in post-disaster recovery, with a comparative focus on Indonesia, Spain, and Oman. It particularly examines the aftermath of the 2018 earthquake, tsunami, and liquefaction in Central Sulawesi, Indonesia, and contrasts it with recovery efforts in Spain and Oman. Using a descriptive empirical legal approach, the study explores the legal protections for disaster victims, the restoration of land ownership, and challenges in rebuilding. In Indonesia, the 2018 disaster in Petobo Village is analyzed through Governor Regulation No. 10 of 2019, which governs post-disaster rehabilitation and reconstruction. The law stipulates the rights to land restitution and housing reconstruction; however, delays in permanent housing construction have hindered the realization of victims’ rights. In Spain, the recovery from the 2011 earthquake in Lorca is examined under the Royal Decree 307/2005, which regulates compensation for victims of natural disasters. Despite the law’s aim to safeguard land rights and accelerate recovery, significant delays occurred in land restitution and compensation for affected property owners. In Oman, the Land Expropriation Law (Royal Decree No. 6/2008) and Cyclone Gonu Recovery Law provide mechanisms for land distribution and compensation, but challenges arose due to incomplete property registration and inconsistent enforcement, which delayed recovery efforts. By comparing these legal frameworks, the study highlights the differences in land governance and proposes recommendations for strengthening legal protections and ensuring faster, more efficient recovery in post-disaster contexts.

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  • State University of Semarang
  • University of Brawijaya
  • Universitas Halu Oleo
  • Universitas Teknokrat Indonesia
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Rekan penulisOrganisasiArtikel bersama
Ridwan ArifinAfiliasi tidak diketahui3
Ahsanul FahmiAfiliasi tidak diketahui2
Arlo Benjamin ScottAfiliasi tidak diketahui2
Abdul JabbarUniversity of Brawijaya1
Trida Ridho FarizState University of Semarang1
Murbangun NuswowatiState University of Semarang1
Ketut Elly SutrisniAfiliasi tidak diketahui1
I Gede Agus KurniawanAfiliasi tidak diketahui1
Anak Agung Ayu Ngurah Sri Rahayu GordaAfiliasi tidak diketahui1
Princess Alyssa Tee-anastacioAfiliasi tidak diketahui1
Irawaty IrawatyUniversitas Halu Oleo1
R Benny RiyantoAfiliasi tidak diketahui1
Nurul FibriantiAfiliasi tidak diketahui1
Adnan Ibrahim SarhanAfiliasi tidak diketahui1
Admiral AdmiralAfiliasi tidak diketahui1
Fadhel Arjuna AdindaAfiliasi tidak diketahui1
Rosyidi HamzahAfiliasi tidak diketahui1
Agus LaniniAfiliasi tidak diketahui1
Elisabeth Christina TanAfiliasi tidak diketahui1
Mamonto Moch. Andry Wikra WardhanaAfiliasi tidak diketahui1
Mashaallah Othman AlzwaeAfiliasi tidak diketahui1
Adie Dwiyanto NurlukmanAfiliasi tidak diketahui1
Muliadi MuliadiAfiliasi tidak diketahui1
Windiahsari WindiahsariAfiliasi tidak diketahui1
Rodiyah RodiyahAfiliasi tidak diketahui1
Asmarani RamliAfiliasi tidak diketahui1
Valerio SebastianAfiliasi tidak diketahui1
Waspiah WaspiahAfiliasi tidak diketahui1
Tegar Islami PutraAfiliasi tidak diketahui1
Adinda Zeranica Putri FakhisAfiliasi tidak diketahui1
Muhammad Hilmi Naufal AflahAfiliasi tidak diketahui1
Anisa TussalehaAfiliasi tidak diketahui1
Mahima Umaela FirdhausyaAfiliasi tidak diketahui1
Mohamed Cheick BananeAfiliasi tidak diketahui1
Muhammad AkbarUniversitas Teknokrat Indonesia1

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Sumber metadata: OAI-PMH (metadata jurnal) https://journal.unnes.ac.id/journals/jllr/oai, pertama di-harvest 6 Nov 2026, terakhir terlihat 6 Nov 2026.
Metadata asli (oai_dc) 
<oai_dc:dc xmlns="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/" xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:oai_dc="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/  http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc.xsd">
	<dc:title xml:lang="en">Legal Protection and Certainty of Land Ownership in Post-Disaster Recovery: Evidence from Indonesia, Spain, and Oman</dc:title>
	<dc:creator xml:lang="en">Maisa, Maisa</dc:creator>
	<dc:creator xml:lang="en">Nafri , Muh</dc:creator>
	<dc:creator xml:lang="en">Amri, Amriana</dc:creator>
	<dc:creator xml:lang="en">Alejandro, Sergi Fernandez</dc:creator>
	<dc:creator xml:lang="en">Ezzerouali, Souad Ahmed</dc:creator>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Legal Protection</dc:subject>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Land Ownership</dc:subject>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Post-Disaster Recovery</dc:subject>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Legal Certainty</dc:subject>
	<dc:description xml:lang="en">This study investigates the legal protection and certainty of land ownership in post-disaster recovery, with a comparative focus on Indonesia, Spain, and Oman. It particularly examines the aftermath of the 2018 earthquake, tsunami, and liquefaction in Central Sulawesi, Indonesia, and contrasts it with recovery efforts in Spain and Oman. Using a descriptive empirical legal approach, the study explores the legal protections for disaster victims, the restoration of land ownership, and challenges in rebuilding. In Indonesia, the 2018 disaster in Petobo Village is analyzed through Governor Regulation No. 10 of 2019, which governs post-disaster rehabilitation and reconstruction. The law stipulates the rights to land restitution and housing reconstruction; however, delays in permanent housing construction have hindered the realization of victims’ rights. In Spain, the recovery from the 2011 earthquake in Lorca is examined under the Royal Decree 307/2005, which regulates compensation for victims of natural disasters. Despite the law’s aim to safeguard land rights and accelerate recovery, significant delays occurred in land restitution and compensation for affected property owners. In Oman, the Land Expropriation Law (Royal Decree No. 6/2008) and Cyclone Gonu Recovery Law provide mechanisms for land distribution and compensation, but challenges arose due to incomplete property registration and inconsistent enforcement, which delayed recovery efforts. By comparing these legal frameworks, the study highlights the differences in land governance and proposes recommendations for strengthening legal protections and ensuring faster, more efficient recovery in post-disaster contexts.</dc:description>
	<dc:publisher xml:lang="en">Faculty of Law, Universitas Negeri Semarang, Indonesia</dc:publisher>
	<dc:date>2026-01-26</dc:date>
	<dc:type>info:eu-repo/semantics/article</dc:type>
	<dc:type>info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion</dc:type>
	<dc:format>application/pdf</dc:format>
	<dc:identifier>https://journal.unnes.ac.id/journals/jllr/article/view/19431</dc:identifier>
	<dc:identifier>10.15294/jllr.v7i1.19431</dc:identifier>
	<dc:source xml:lang="en">Journal of Law and Legal Reform; Vol. 7 No. 1 (2026): January, 2026; 77-112</dc:source>
	<dc:source>2715-0968</dc:source>
	<dc:source>2715-0941</dc:source>
	<dc:source>10.15294/jllr.v7i1</dc:source>
	<dc:language>eng</dc:language>
	<dc:relation>https://journal.unnes.ac.id/journals/jllr/article/view/19431/8315</dc:relation>
	<dc:rights xml:lang="en">Copyright (c) 2026 Maisa Maisa, Muh Nafri , Amriana Amri, Sergi Fernandez Alejandro, Souad Ahmed Ezzerouali (Author)</dc:rights>
	<dc:rights xml:lang="en">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0</dc:rights>
</oai_dc:dc>