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The Contrarius Actus Principle: Legal Challenges and Prospects for Reform in Executing Administrative Court Decisions

Journal of Law and Legal Reform · Vol. 6 No. 2 (2025) · hlm. 783–812

DOI
10.15294/jllr.v6i2.19655
ISSN
2715-0968, 2715-0941
Terbit
2025-04-30
Penerbit
Faculty of Law, Universitas Negeri Semarang, Indonesia
Bahasa
eng
Lisensi
creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0

Abstrak

The failure to enforce state administrative court decisions with lasting legal force poses a challenge in Indonesia. Data indicates that merely 15 of 276 state administrative decisions were executed between 2013 and 2019. In 2020, statistics from the KPK, Bawas, and BPKP revealed that implementing state administrative court orders was insufficient, with an average completion rate of 34.92%. The 2021 annual report of the Ombudsman of the Republic of Indonesia documented 109 instances of non-compliance with unimplemented decisions. The research uses normative juridical methods with the addition of interviews to support existing data. This article examines the history, application, and challenges of contrarius actus, particularly in implementing state administrative court decisions. This research helps future researchers generate improvements or recommendations for state administrative court decision execution. The results show that contrarius actus originated from Roman law and is now an essential principle in state administrative law. Application of the contrarius actus in Indonesia’s administrative justice law provides for execution mechanisms without an institution or other party specialized in execution; administrative officials themselves must execute court decisions. A significant challenge in applying this principle in Indonesia is the failure of administrative officials to comply with court decisions. Despite the implementation of a merit-based system and elections aimed at selecting officials with integrity and lawfulness in filling administrative positions, many administrative officials violate court orders, making this enforcement of this concept difficult. To address this issue, it is recommended to maximize the role of the Ombudsman and state administrative courts in ensuring that administrative officials comply with legal decisions.

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  • Jenderal Soedirman University
  • Sebelas Maret University
  • Universiti Utara Malaysia
  • RV University
  • Sekolah Tinggi Ilmu Hukum Manokwari
  • Nasional University
  • International Islamic University Malaysia
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Rekan penulisOrganisasiArtikel bersama
Anugrah Muhtarom PratamaSebelas Maret University6
Kukuh TejomurtiSebelas Maret University4
Pujiyono PujiyonoSebelas Maret University3
Pranoto PranotoSebelas Maret University2
Mohamad Hanapi MohamadUniversiti Utara Malaysia2
Bhanu Prakash NunnaRV University2
Setya WahyudiJenderal Soedirman University2
Bambang SantosoSebelas Maret University1
Itok Dwi KurniawanSebelas Maret University1
Dara Pustika SukmaSebelas Maret University1
Heri IndrajatSebelas Maret University1
Angkasa AngkasaJenderal Soedirman University1
Filep WamafmaSekolah Tinggi Ilmu Hukum Manokwari1
Ogiandhafiz JuandaNasional University1
Tedi SudrajatJenderal Soedirman University1
Nurani Ajeng Tri UtamiJenderal Soedirman University1
Dessi Perdani Yuris Puspita SariJenderal Soedirman University1
Dwiki OktobrianJenderal Soedirman University1
Pranoto PranotoAfiliasi tidak diketahui1
Muhammad Syaiful AnwarJenderal Soedirman University1
Maya RuhtianiJenderal Soedirman University1
Anugrah Muhtarom PratamaSebelas Maret University1
Imtiyaz Wizni AufaInternational Islamic University Malaysia1
Mellisa TowadiState University of Gorontalo1
Anis H. BajrektarevićIMC University of Applied Sciences Krems1
Jamal WiwohoSebelas Maret University1

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Sumber metadata: OAI-PMH (metadata jurnal) https://journal.unnes.ac.id/journals/jllr/oai, pertama di-harvest 6 Nov 2026, terakhir terlihat 8 Nov 2026.
Metadata asli (oai_dc) 
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	<dc:title xml:lang="en">The Contrarius Actus Principle: Legal Challenges and Prospects for Reform in Executing Administrative Court Decisions</dc:title>
	<dc:creator xml:lang="en">Pambudi, Lintang Ario</dc:creator>
	<dc:creator xml:lang="en">Hendriana, Rani</dc:creator>
	<dc:creator xml:lang="en">Kupita, Weda</dc:creator>
	<dc:creator xml:lang="en">Pati, Umi Khaerah</dc:creator>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Contrarius Actus Principle</dc:subject>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Execution</dc:subject>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Legal Compliance</dc:subject>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en">State Administrative Court</dc:subject>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Administrative Official</dc:subject>
	<dc:description xml:lang="en">The failure to enforce state administrative court decisions with lasting legal force poses a challenge in Indonesia. Data indicates that merely 15 of 276 state administrative decisions were executed between 2013 and 2019. In 2020, statistics from the KPK, Bawas, and BPKP revealed that implementing state administrative court orders was insufficient, with an average completion rate of 34.92%. The 2021 annual report of the Ombudsman of the Republic of Indonesia documented 109 instances of non-compliance with unimplemented decisions. The research uses normative juridical methods with the addition of interviews to support existing data. This article examines the history, application, and challenges of contrarius actus, particularly in implementing state administrative court decisions. This research helps future researchers generate improvements or recommendations for state administrative court decision execution. The results show that contrarius actus originated from Roman law and is now an essential principle in state administrative law. Application of the contrarius actus in Indonesia’s administrative justice law provides for execution mechanisms without an institution or other party specialized in execution; administrative officials themselves must execute court decisions. A significant challenge in applying this principle in Indonesia is the failure of administrative officials to comply with court decisions. Despite the implementation of a merit-based system and elections aimed at selecting officials with integrity and lawfulness in filling administrative positions, many administrative officials violate court orders, making this enforcement of this concept difficult. To address this issue, it is recommended to maximize the role of the Ombudsman and state administrative courts in ensuring that administrative officials comply with legal decisions.</dc:description>
	<dc:publisher xml:lang="en">Faculty of Law, Universitas Negeri Semarang, Indonesia</dc:publisher>
	<dc:date>2025-04-30</dc:date>
	<dc:type>info:eu-repo/semantics/article</dc:type>
	<dc:type>info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion</dc:type>
	<dc:format>application/pdf</dc:format>
	<dc:identifier>https://journal.unnes.ac.id/journals/jllr/article/view/19655</dc:identifier>
	<dc:identifier>10.15294/jllr.v6i2.19655</dc:identifier>
	<dc:source xml:lang="en">Journal of Law and Legal Reform; Vol. 6 No. 2 (2025): April, 2025; 783-812</dc:source>
	<dc:source>2715-0968</dc:source>
	<dc:source>2715-0941</dc:source>
	<dc:source>10.15294/jllr.v6i2</dc:source>
	<dc:language>eng</dc:language>
	<dc:relation>https://journal.unnes.ac.id/journals/jllr/article/view/19655/3780</dc:relation>
	<dc:rights xml:lang="en">Copyright (c) 2025 Lintang Ario Pambudi, Rani Hendriana, Weda Kupita, Umi Khaerah Pati (Author)</dc:rights>
	<dc:rights xml:lang="en">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0</dc:rights>
</oai_dc:dc>