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Legal Reform in Business Dispute Resolution: A Study of Legal Pluralism in Indonesia, Vietnam, and Thailand

Journal of Law and Legal Reform · Vol. 6 No. 2 (2025) · hlm. 569–616

DOI
10.15294/jllr.v6i2.21128
ISSN
2715-0968, 2715-0941
Terbit
2025-07-21
Penerbit
Faculty of Law, Universitas Negeri Semarang, Indonesia
Bahasa
eng
Lisensi
creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0

Abstrak

Legal pluralism in the resolution of business disputes in Indonesia, Vietnam, and Thailand illustrates the intricate interplay between the particular and the general elements of the national laws, international laws, and other legal systems, which allow for flexibility in resolving disputes, but at the same time brings problems for legal integration and certainty for the business people. This study examines the role of legal pluralism in the resolution of business disputes in Indonesia, Vietnam, and Thailand. Legal pluralism creates an interaction between national law, international law, and other legal systems, providing flexibility in dispute resolution while also posing challenges to integration and legal certainty for business practitioners. The research approach employed is a legal study focusing on literature regarding legal pluralism and business dispute resolution systems. The analysis method used is normative-qualitative, utilizing legislative, conceptual, and comparative methods. The research findings show that legal pluralism in business dispute resolution in Indonesia, Vietnam, and Thailand offers flexibility but also creates legal uncertainty. In Indonesia, the coexistence of civil, Islamic, and customary law leads to overlapping jurisdictions. Vietnam's state-controlled legal system incorporates arbitration and mediation but struggles with enforcing international awards. Thailand balances civil law with Buddhist-influenced mediation, favoring informal resolution but facing enforcement challenges. While legal pluralism enhances accessibility to justice, its effectiveness depends on legal integration and enforcement mechanisms to ensure certainty and fairness in business disputes.

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  • University of National Education
  • Udayana University
  • International University of Batam
  • Universitas Negeri Surabaya
  • Universitas Muhammadiyah Kotabumi
  • Universidad de Sevilla
  • Dhofar University
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  • Organisasi berbeda
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Rekan penulisOrganisasiArtikel bersama
Briggs Samuel Mawunyo NutakorWisconsin International University College9
Anak Agung Ayu Ngurah Sri Rahayu GordaUniversity of National Education7
Mac Thi Hoai ThuongHanoi Law University6
Desak Putu Dewi KasihUdayana University4
Princess Alyssa D. Tee-AnastacioOur Lady of Fatima University3
Khalid MustafaUniversity of National Education3
Dinara F. AbdunayimovaUniversity of Illinois Urbana-Champaign3
Antonio Gutiérrez-PozoUniversidad de Sevilla3
Maia KapanadzeCaucasus International University3
Jan Alizea SybelleStellenbosch University3
I Nyoman BudianaUniversity of National Education3
I Made Wirya DarmaUniversity of National Education2
Nar Yan ThapaTribhuvan University2
Musallam Al AwaidDhofar University2
Deris StiawanSriwijaya University1
Ketut Elly SutrisniUniversity of National Education1
Souad Ahmed EzzeroualiDhofar University1
Dwi Edi WibowoUniversitas Pekalongan1
Bazarova Dildora BaxadirovnaTashkent State University of Law1
Ildar Rustamovich BegishevKazan Innovative University named after V. G. Timiryasov1
I Gede Agus KurniawanUniversity of National Education1
Ni Ketut Supasti DharmawanUdayana University1
Antonio Gutiérrez-PozoUniversidad de Sevilla1
Ampuan SitumeangInternational University of Batam1
Winsherly TanInternational University of Batam1
Abdurrakhman AlhakimInternational University of Batam1
Winda FitriInternational University of Batam1
Eny SulistyowatiUniversitas Negeri Surabaya1
Didik SuyitnoUniversitas Negeri Surabaya1
Sulaksono SulaksonoUniversitas Negeri Surabaya1
Tjokorda Mirah Ary MahadnyaniUniversity of National Education1
Muhammad Ruhly Kesuma DinataUniversitas Muhammadiyah Kotabumi1
Irhammudin IrhammudinUniversitas Muhammadiyah Kotabumi1
Della MonicaUniversitas Muhammadiyah Kotabumi1
Pri Pambudi TeguhNasional University1

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Sumber metadata: OAI-PMH (metadata jurnal) https://journal.unnes.ac.id/journals/jllr/oai, pertama di-harvest 6 Nov 2026, terakhir terlihat 8 Nov 2026.
Metadata asli (oai_dc) 
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	<dc:title xml:lang="en">Legal Reform in Business Dispute Resolution: A Study of Legal Pluralism in Indonesia, Vietnam, and Thailand</dc:title>
	<dc:creator xml:lang="en">Kurniawan, I Gede Agus</dc:creator>
	<dc:creator xml:lang="en">Samsithawrati, Putu Aras</dc:creator>
	<dc:creator xml:lang="en">Dharmawan, Ni Ketut Supasti</dc:creator>
	<dc:creator xml:lang="en">Disantara, Fradhana Putra</dc:creator>
	<dc:creator xml:lang="en">Chansrakaeo, Ruetaitip</dc:creator>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Legal Pluralism</dc:subject>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Business Disputes</dc:subject>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Customary Law</dc:subject>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Arbitration</dc:subject>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Legal Certainty</dc:subject>
	<dc:description xml:lang="en">Legal pluralism in the resolution of business disputes in Indonesia, Vietnam, and Thailand illustrates the intricate interplay between the particular and the general elements of the national laws, international laws, and other legal systems, which allow for flexibility in resolving disputes, but at the same time brings problems for legal integration and certainty for the business people. This study examines the role of legal pluralism in the resolution of business disputes in Indonesia, Vietnam, and Thailand. Legal pluralism creates an interaction between national law, international law, and other legal systems, providing flexibility in dispute resolution while also posing challenges to integration and legal certainty for business practitioners. The research approach employed is a legal study focusing on literature regarding legal pluralism and business dispute resolution systems. The analysis method used is normative-qualitative, utilizing legislative, conceptual, and comparative methods. The research findings show that legal pluralism in business dispute resolution in Indonesia, Vietnam, and Thailand offers flexibility but also creates legal uncertainty. In Indonesia, the coexistence of civil, Islamic, and customary law leads to overlapping jurisdictions. Vietnam's state-controlled legal system incorporates arbitration and mediation but struggles with enforcing international awards. Thailand balances civil law with Buddhist-influenced mediation, favoring informal resolution but facing enforcement challenges. While legal pluralism enhances accessibility to justice, its effectiveness depends on legal integration and enforcement mechanisms to ensure certainty and fairness in business disputes.</dc:description>
	<dc:publisher xml:lang="en">Faculty of Law, Universitas Negeri Semarang, Indonesia</dc:publisher>
	<dc:date>2025-07-21</dc:date>
	<dc:type>info:eu-repo/semantics/article</dc:type>
	<dc:type>info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion</dc:type>
	<dc:format>application/pdf</dc:format>
	<dc:identifier>https://journal.unnes.ac.id/journals/jllr/article/view/21128</dc:identifier>
	<dc:identifier>10.15294/jllr.v6i2.21128</dc:identifier>
	<dc:source xml:lang="en">Journal of Law and Legal Reform; Vol. 6 No. 2 (2025): April, 2025; 569-616</dc:source>
	<dc:source>2715-0968</dc:source>
	<dc:source>2715-0941</dc:source>
	<dc:source>10.15294/jllr.v6i2</dc:source>
	<dc:language>eng</dc:language>
	<dc:relation>https://journal.unnes.ac.id/journals/jllr/article/view/21128/3630</dc:relation>
	<dc:rights xml:lang="en">Copyright (c) 2025 I Gede Agus Kurniawan, Putu Aras Samsithawrati, Ni Ketut Supasti Dharmawan, Fradhana Putra Disantara, Ruetaitip Chansrakaeo (Author)</dc:rights>
	<dc:rights xml:lang="en">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0</dc:rights>
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