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Reforming the Roots: Can Legal Challenges Transform the Crude Palm Oil Industry in Indonesia and Malaysia?

Journal of Law and Legal Reform · Vol. 7 No. 1 (2026) · hlm. 113–160

DOI
10.15294/jllr.v7i1.22161
ISSN
2715-0968, 2715-0941
Terbit
2026-01-26
Penerbit
Faculty of Law, Universitas Negeri Semarang, Indonesia
Bahasa
eng
Lisensi
creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0

Abstrak

The crude palm oil (CPO) industries in Indonesia and Malaysia, two of the world’s leading producers, are confronted with persistent legal challenges concerning environmental sustainability, land tenure, and labor rights. Even though there is more global attention and pressure for sustainable production, the laws and regulations in Indonesia and Malaysia are still disorganized and often not strong enough to address the negative environmental and social effects of the crude palm oil industry. This paper critically examines the effectiveness of existing legal instruments and resommends comprehensive, enforceable reforms to align national practices with evolving global sustainability standards. This paper analyzes the legal challenges within the CPO sector and explores potential law reforms to enhance the industry’s sustainability and ethical standards. By conducting a comparative analysis of Indonesian and Malaysian legal systems, the study identifies gaps in regulatory enforcement, the role of multinational corporations, and the influence of international trade agreements. The urgency of this research is underscored by escalating environmental degradation, human rights violations, and the growing demand for corporate accountability—issues that threaten the long-term viability of the CPO industry. The global shift towards sustainable sourcing has intensified scrutiny of palm oil production, highlighting the need for robust legal reforms to balance economic growth with environmental and social responsibility. This research not only helps clarify the current legal landscape but also provides critical recommendations for reforms that align the industry with global sustainability goals. By exploring both countries’ legal practices, the study aims to serve as a catalyst for policymakers, legal practitioners, and industry stakeholders to rethink and reshape regulatory frameworks, ensuring a more sustainable and equitable future for the CPO industry.

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  • Islamic University of Riau
  • Padjadjaran University
  • Kolej Profesional MAIWP
  • Newcastle University
  • State University of Semarang
  • Dhofar University
  • Islamic University of Indonesia
  • Organisasi lain
  • Organisasi berbeda
  • Organisasi sama
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Tampilkan sebagai tabel
Rekan penulisOrganisasiArtikel bersama
Admiral AdmiralIslamic University of Riau6
John WoodwardNewcastle University5
Ema RahmawatiPadjadjaran University4
Ridwan ArifinState University of Semarang4
Suparto SupartoIslamic University of Riau2
Eman SuparmanPadjadjaran University2
Souad Ahmed EzzeroualiDhofar University2
Eman SuparmanPadjadjaran University2
Bambang Utoyo SutiyosoIslamic University of Indonesia2
Kim HyeonsooInha University2
Surizki FebriantoIslamic University of Riau2
Syafrinaldi SyafrinaldiIslamic University of Riau2
Maisa MaisaUniversitas Muhammadiyah Palu2
David HardiagoIslamic University of Riau2
Esy KurniasihIslamic University of Riau1
Selvi AfrianiIslamic University of Riau1
John WoodwardUniversity of Newcastle Australia1
Astri Ayu PurwatiInstitut Bisnis dan Teknologi Pelita Indonesia1
Zulfadli HamzahIslamic University of Riau1
M. MusaIslamic University of Riau1
M ZaidIslamic University of Riau1
Lamberton CaitUniversity of Pennsylvania1
Azamat Esirgapovich EsanovLaw Enforcement Academy of the Republic of Uzbekistan1
Zamira Esanova NormurotovnaTashkent State University of Law1

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Sumber metadata: OAI-PMH (metadata jurnal) https://journal.unnes.ac.id/journals/jllr/oai, pertama di-harvest 6 Nov 2026, terakhir terlihat 8 Nov 2026.
Metadata asli (oai_dc) 
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	<dc:title xml:lang="en">Reforming the Roots: Can Legal Challenges Transform the Crude Palm Oil Industry in Indonesia and Malaysia?</dc:title>
	<dc:creator xml:lang="en">Hamzah, Rosyidi</dc:creator>
	<dc:creator xml:lang="en">Adinda, Fadhel Arjuna</dc:creator>
	<dc:creator xml:lang="en">Prasja, Teguh Rama</dc:creator>
	<dc:creator xml:lang="en">Shukur, Mohd Izzat Bin Mohd Abd</dc:creator>
	<dc:creator xml:lang="en">Wiriatma, Dodo Wiradana</dc:creator>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Crude Palm Oil (CPO)</dc:subject>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Legal Reform</dc:subject>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Environmental Sustainability</dc:subject>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Land Rights</dc:subject>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Labor Practices</dc:subject>
	<dc:description xml:lang="en">The crude palm oil (CPO) industries in Indonesia and Malaysia, two of the world’s leading producers, are confronted with persistent legal challenges concerning environmental sustainability, land tenure, and labor rights. Even though there is more global attention and pressure for sustainable production, the laws and regulations in Indonesia and Malaysia are still disorganized and often not strong enough to address the negative environmental and social effects of the crude palm oil industry. This paper critically examines the effectiveness of existing legal instruments and resommends comprehensive, enforceable reforms to align national practices with evolving global sustainability standards. This paper analyzes the legal challenges within the CPO sector and explores potential law reforms to enhance the industry’s sustainability and ethical standards. By conducting a comparative analysis of Indonesian and Malaysian legal systems, the study identifies gaps in regulatory enforcement, the role of multinational corporations, and the influence of international trade agreements. The urgency of this research is underscored by escalating environmental degradation, human rights violations, and the growing demand for corporate accountability—issues that threaten the long-term viability of the CPO industry. The global shift towards sustainable sourcing has intensified scrutiny of palm oil production, highlighting the need for robust legal reforms to balance economic growth with environmental and social responsibility. This research not only helps clarify the current legal landscape but also provides critical recommendations for reforms that align the industry with global sustainability goals. By exploring both countries’ legal practices, the study aims to serve as a catalyst for policymakers, legal practitioners, and industry stakeholders to rethink and reshape regulatory frameworks, ensuring a more sustainable and equitable future for the CPO industry.</dc:description>
	<dc:publisher xml:lang="en">Faculty of Law, Universitas Negeri Semarang, Indonesia</dc:publisher>
	<dc:date>2026-01-26</dc:date>
	<dc:type>info:eu-repo/semantics/article</dc:type>
	<dc:type>info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion</dc:type>
	<dc:format>application/pdf</dc:format>
	<dc:identifier>https://journal.unnes.ac.id/journals/jllr/article/view/22161</dc:identifier>
	<dc:identifier>10.15294/jllr.v7i1.22161</dc:identifier>
	<dc:source xml:lang="en">Journal of Law and Legal Reform; Vol. 7 No. 1 (2026): January, 2026; 113-160</dc:source>
	<dc:source>2715-0968</dc:source>
	<dc:source>2715-0941</dc:source>
	<dc:source>10.15294/jllr.v7i1</dc:source>
	<dc:language>eng</dc:language>
	<dc:relation>https://journal.unnes.ac.id/journals/jllr/article/view/22161/8316</dc:relation>
	<dc:rights xml:lang="en">Copyright (c) 2026 Rosyidi Hamzah, Fadhel Arjuna Adinda, Teguh Rama Prasja, Mohd Izzat Bin Mohd Abd Shukur, Dodo Wiradana Wiriatma (Author)</dc:rights>
	<dc:rights xml:lang="en">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0</dc:rights>
</oai_dc:dc>