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Reforming Legal Safeguards for Unpaid Internships in Indonesia’s Creative Industry

Journal of Law and Legal Reform · Vol. 7 No. 2 (2026) · hlm. 1111–1134

DOI
10.15294/jllr.v7i1.34473
ISSN
2715-0968, 2715-0941
Terbit
2026-04-30
Penerbit
Faculty of Law, Universitas Negeri Semarang, Indonesia
Bahasa
eng
Lisensi
creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0

Abstrak

This article examines the imperative for legal reform of the unpaid internship regulation in Indonesia’s creative industry through a normative-juridical methodology grounded in three complementary legal theories: Legal Protection Theory (Philipus M. Hadjon), Justice Theory (John Rawls), and Legal Effectiveness Theory (Soerjono Soekanto). The study identifies a structural conflict of norms between the constitutional guarantee of the right to work under Article 28D (2) of the 1945 Constitution and the minimalistic, unenforceable provisions of Minister of Manpower Regulation No. 6 of 2020 on Domestic Internships. Doctrinal analysis reveals that the existing regulatory architecture fails to provide the preventive and repressive legal protection required by Hadjon’s framework, fails to satisfy the demands of Rawlsian distributive justice, and fails across all five determinant factors of Soekanto’s legal effectiveness theory. These normative deficiencies are further situated within a global comparative framework encompassing legal regimes in the European Union, France, Australia, Japan, and Malaysia, with particular attention to the conditions under which foreign regulatory models may be transplanted into Indonesia’s civil law system. The article concludes with proposed draft amendments to Permenaker No. 6/2020, incorporating a mandatory minimum stipend tied to the Municipal Minimum Wage, capped working hours for interns, compulsory social security enrollment, a graduated administrative and criminal sanctions regime for violations, and the establishment of an independent internship oversight authority modeled on Australia’s Fair Work Ombudsman.

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Sumber metadata: OAI-PMH (metadata jurnal) https://journal.unnes.ac.id/journals/jllr/oai, pertama di-harvest 6 Nov 2026, terakhir terlihat 6 Nov 2026.
Metadata asli (oai_dc) 
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	<dc:title xml:lang="en">Reforming Legal Safeguards for Unpaid Internships in Indonesia’s Creative Industry</dc:title>
	<dc:creator xml:lang="en">Sulistiyono, Tri</dc:creator>
	<dc:creator xml:lang="en">Utama, Yos Johan</dc:creator>
	<dc:creator xml:lang="en">Sa’adah, Nabitatus</dc:creator>
	<dc:creator xml:lang="en">Gusthomi, Moh. Imam</dc:creator>
	<dc:creator xml:lang="en">Nurseha, Sabina Syaharani</dc:creator>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Internship Legal Protection</dc:subject>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Creative Industry Labor Law</dc:subject>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Regulatory Reform</dc:subject>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Indonesian Manpower Law</dc:subject>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en">SDGs</dc:subject>
	<dc:description xml:lang="en">This article examines the imperative for legal reform of the unpaid internship regulation in Indonesia’s creative industry through a normative-juridical methodology grounded in three complementary legal theories: Legal Protection Theory (Philipus M. Hadjon), Justice Theory (John Rawls), and Legal Effectiveness Theory (Soerjono Soekanto). The study identifies a structural conflict of norms between the constitutional guarantee of the right to work under Article 28D (2) of the 1945 Constitution and the minimalistic, unenforceable provisions of Minister of Manpower Regulation No. 6 of 2020 on Domestic Internships. Doctrinal analysis reveals that the existing regulatory architecture fails to provide the preventive and repressive legal protection required by Hadjon’s framework, fails to satisfy the demands of Rawlsian distributive justice, and fails across all five determinant factors of Soekanto’s legal effectiveness theory. These normative deficiencies are further situated within a global comparative framework encompassing legal regimes in the European Union, France, Australia, Japan, and Malaysia, with particular attention to the conditions under which foreign regulatory models may be transplanted into Indonesia’s civil law system. The article concludes with proposed draft amendments to Permenaker No. 6/2020, incorporating a mandatory minimum stipend tied to the Municipal Minimum Wage, capped working hours for interns, compulsory social security enrollment, a graduated administrative and criminal sanctions regime for violations, and the establishment of an independent internship oversight authority modeled on Australia’s Fair Work Ombudsman.</dc:description>
	<dc:publisher xml:lang="en">Faculty of Law, Universitas Negeri Semarang, Indonesia</dc:publisher>
	<dc:date>2026-04-30</dc:date>
	<dc:type>info:eu-repo/semantics/article</dc:type>
	<dc:type>info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion</dc:type>
	<dc:format>application/pdf</dc:format>
	<dc:identifier>https://journal.unnes.ac.id/journals/jllr/article/view/34473</dc:identifier>
	<dc:identifier>10.15294/jllr.v7i1.34473</dc:identifier>
	<dc:source xml:lang="en">Journal of Law and Legal Reform; Vol. 7 No. 2 (2026): April, 2026; 1111-1134</dc:source>
	<dc:source>2715-0968</dc:source>
	<dc:source>2715-0941</dc:source>
	<dc:source>10.15294/jllr.v7i2</dc:source>
	<dc:language>eng</dc:language>
	<dc:relation>https://journal.unnes.ac.id/journals/jllr/article/view/34473/9964</dc:relation>
	<dc:rights xml:lang="en">Copyright (c) 2026 Tri Sulistiyono, Yos Johan Utama, Nabitatus Sa’adah, Moh. Imam Gusthomi, Sabina Syaharani Nurseha (Author)</dc:rights>
	<dc:rights xml:lang="en">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0</dc:rights>
</oai_dc:dc>