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Civil Aviation Cybersecurity in Indonesia: Legal Compliance, Regulatory Gaps, and Reform in Light of ICAO Standards

Journal of Law and Legal Reform · Vol. 7 No. 4 (2026) · hlm. 2023–2066

DOI
10.15294/jllr.v7i4.40581
ISSN
2715-0968, 2715-0941
Terbit
2026-10-15
Penerbit
Faculty of Law, Universitas Negeri Semarang, Indonesia
Bahasa
eng
Lisensi
creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0

Abstrak

Cybersecurity has become an important component of international aviation safety and security as the increasing digitalization of aircraft systems and air traffic management creates new risks for civil aviation. In Indonesia, the expansion of digital infrastructure in the aviation sector requires a coherent legal and institutional response to these risks. This paper aims to examine Indonesia’s civil aviation cybersecurity legal framework in comparison with international standards established by the International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) and related legal instruments. Using a comparative doctrinal legal method, the study analyses primary legal materials, including the Aviation Law, the Electronic Information and Transactions (ITE) Law, Government Regulation No. 71 of 2019, Presidential Regulation No. 82 of 2022, and Ministerial Regulation No. 51 of 2020, supported by secondary legal materials on civil aviation cybersecurity, through normative qualitative analysis. The findings show that Indonesia has incorporated cybersecurity obligations into its aviation laws and regulations, demonstrating progress in recognizing cybersecurity as part of aviation safety and security. However, the level of compliance remains uneven across different areas of the national legal and institutional system, particularly in institutional coordination, enforcement, and international cooperation. The study recommends strengthening the incorporation of ICAO Standards and Recommended Practices into national regulations, establishing a dedicated national aviation cybersecurity strategy, integrating cybersecurity requirements into safety and certification processes, improving cross-border cooperation and CSIRT capacity, formalizing public-private cooperation, and strengthening institutional capacity. The study concludes that Indonesia has established a substantial legal basis for aviation cybersecurity. However, greater legal coherence and institutional coordination are required to achieve more consistent compliance with international standards.

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  • Diponegoro University
  • Universitas Airlangga
  • University of South Carolina
  • Flinders University
  • University of Technology Malaysia
  • University of Indonesia
  • Universitas Islam Negeri Alauddin Makassar
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Rekan penulisOrganisasiArtikel bersama
Bastian Chris DarenUniversity of South Carolina2
Sulaiman RasyidDiponegoro University2
Christopher SimanjuntakFlinders University2
Rakotoarisoa Maminirina FenitraUniversity of Technology Malaysia1
Randrianasolo Tsanganasy BricoUniversity of Indonesia1
Callista Putri BourdeauDiponegoro University1
Kylatifa Ghaniya AristiDiponegoro University1
Muhammad Hazel Nailah AkbarDiponegoro University1
Nurfaika IshakUniversitas Islam Negeri Alauddin Makassar1

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Sumber metadata: OAI-PMH (metadata jurnal) https://journal.unnes.ac.id/journals/jllr/oai, pertama di-harvest 6 Nov 2026, terakhir terlihat 8 Nov 2026.
Metadata asli (oai_dc) 
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	<dc:title xml:lang="en">Civil Aviation Cybersecurity in Indonesia: Legal Compliance, Regulatory Gaps, and Reform in Light of ICAO Standards</dc:title>
	<dc:creator xml:lang="en">Prabandari, Adya Paramita</dc:creator>
	<dc:creator xml:lang="en">Manitra, Ramalina Ranaivo Mikea</dc:creator>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Aviation Law</dc:subject>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Cybersecurity</dc:subject>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en">ICAO</dc:subject>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Indonesia</dc:subject>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en">International Standard Compliance</dc:subject>
	<dc:description xml:lang="en">Cybersecurity has become an important component of international aviation safety and security as the increasing digitalization of aircraft systems and air traffic management creates new risks for civil aviation. In Indonesia, the expansion of digital infrastructure in the aviation sector requires a coherent legal and institutional response to these risks. This paper aims to examine Indonesia’s civil aviation cybersecurity legal framework in comparison with international standards established by the International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) and related legal instruments. Using a comparative doctrinal legal method, the study analyses primary legal materials, including the Aviation Law, the Electronic Information and Transactions (ITE) Law, Government Regulation No. 71 of 2019, Presidential Regulation No. 82 of 2022, and Ministerial Regulation No. 51 of 2020, supported by secondary legal materials on civil aviation cybersecurity, through normative qualitative analysis. The findings show that Indonesia has incorporated cybersecurity obligations into its aviation laws and regulations, demonstrating progress in recognizing cybersecurity as part of aviation safety and security. However, the level of compliance remains uneven across different areas of the national legal and institutional system, particularly in institutional coordination, enforcement, and international cooperation. The study recommends strengthening the incorporation of ICAO Standards and Recommended Practices into national regulations, establishing a dedicated national aviation cybersecurity strategy, integrating cybersecurity requirements into safety and certification processes, improving cross-border cooperation and CSIRT capacity, formalizing public-private cooperation, and strengthening institutional capacity. The study concludes that Indonesia has established a substantial legal basis for aviation cybersecurity. However, greater legal coherence and institutional coordination are required to achieve more consistent compliance with international standards.</dc:description>
	<dc:publisher xml:lang="en">Faculty of Law, Universitas Negeri Semarang, Indonesia</dc:publisher>
	<dc:date>2026-10-15</dc:date>
	<dc:type>info:eu-repo/semantics/article</dc:type>
	<dc:type>info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion</dc:type>
	<dc:format>application/pdf</dc:format>
	<dc:identifier>https://journal.unnes.ac.id/journals/jllr/article/view/40581</dc:identifier>
	<dc:identifier>10.15294/jllr.v7i4.40581</dc:identifier>
	<dc:source xml:lang="en">Journal of Law and Legal Reform; Vol. 7 No. 4 (2026): October, 2026 (In Press); 2023-2066</dc:source>
	<dc:source>2715-0968</dc:source>
	<dc:source>2715-0941</dc:source>
	<dc:source>10.15294/jllr.v7i4</dc:source>
	<dc:language>eng</dc:language>
	<dc:relation>https://journal.unnes.ac.id/journals/jllr/article/view/40581/11733</dc:relation>
	<dc:rights xml:lang="en">Copyright (c) 2026 Adya Paramita Prabandari, Ramalina Ranaivo Mikea Manitra (Author)</dc:rights>
	<dc:rights xml:lang="en">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0</dc:rights>
</oai_dc:dc>