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Reforming the Statute of Limitations under Indonesia’s New Criminal Code: Toward a Modern Criminal Justice System

Journal of Law and Legal Reform · Vol. 7 No. 2 (2026) · hlm. 951–986

DOI
10.15294/jllr.v7i2.42768
ISSN
2715-0968, 2715-0941
Terbit
2026-04-30
Penerbit
Faculty of Law, Universitas Negeri Semarang, Indonesia
Bahasa
eng
Lisensi
creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0

Abstrak

The statutes of limitations are an essential aspect of criminal law because they help balance the certainty, rationality, and efficiency of the field. However, legal rules concerning time, the complexity of crimes, and changing expectations for victims have come into question. This paper analyzes the new Indonesian criminal code (often called Law No. 1 of 2023), its limitations and regulations, and its contribution to the Modernization of the criminal justice system. The primary question this research seeks to answer is to what extent the justice system’s modernity adequately addresses the challenges of modernizing criminal justice. This study aims to integrate the reasoning, justification, and impact of the regulation of limitations in the new Indonesian criminal code. Employing a normative legal approach, this study is based on the Statute, Conceptual, and systematic and structured analyses, and comparative in nature, to examine the unification, direction, and legal policy of the limitations regulation in the new Indonesian criminal code. Statutes of limitations constitute an essential element of criminal law as they balance legal certainty, fairness, and efficiency in criminal prosecution. However, rapid social change, increasingly complex crimes, and evolving expectations regarding victims’ rights have challenged traditional approaches to limitation periods. This study examines the regulation of statutes of limitations in Indonesia’s New Criminal Code (Law No. 1 of 2023) and evaluates their role in modernizing the criminal justice system. Using normative legal research, this study analyzes the legal policy underpinning the reform of limitation periods through statutory, conceptual, and comparative approaches. The findings indicate that the new Criminal Code introduces a differentiated limitation system based on the seriousness of offenses, reflecting a shift from purely procedural justice toward substantive justice. The reform strengthens legal certainty, supports the effective prosecution of complex crimes, and enhances victim protection. Nevertheless, the success of this reform will depend on consistent judicial interpretation and the institutional capacity of law enforcement agencies.

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  • State University of Semarang
  • Diponegoro University
  • University of Lucknow
  • Syarif Hidayatullah State Islamic University Jakarta
  • Novena University
  • Tadulako University
  • Sultan Qaboos University
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Rekan penulisOrganisasiArtikel bersama
Anis WidyawatiState University of Semarang3
Didik Setyo PurnomoState University of Semarang2
Ridwan ArifinState University of Semarang2
Christina Noelia UmbríaAfiliasi tidak diketahui2
Shobhit Pratap SinghUniversity of Lucknow2
Prashant SinghUniversity of Lucknow2
Khamami ZadaSyarif Hidayatullah State Islamic University Jakarta2
Muhammad Ishar HelmiSyarif Hidayatullah State Islamic University Jakarta2
Rohadhatul AisyState University of Semarang1
Shofriya Qonitatin AbidahState University of Semarang1
Rafli Zidan Eka RamadhanState University of Semarang1
Fateema MuslihatunSultan Qaboos University1
Indah Sri UtariState University of Semarang1
Herry SubondoState University of Semarang1
Ali MasyharState University of Semarang1
Muhammad MaskurDiponegoro University1
Anik NovitaState University of Semarang1
Eky LestariState University of Semarang1
Tajudeen SanniVilla College1
Kanya SrisawatMahidol University1
Zhang MinTsinghua University1
Wildan Azkal FikriSriwijaya University1
Benny SumardianaState University of Semarang1
Aprilia WijayantiState University of Semarang1
Fitria DamayantiState University of Semarang1
Ngboawaji Daniel NteNovena University1
Anissaa Nuril ChasanahState University of Semarang1
Didik PurnomoState University of Semarang1
Pratama Herry HerlambangState University of Semarang1
Desty Puspita MaharaniState University of Semarang1
Ngaboawaji Daniel NteNovena University1
Esa Maulana WibowoState University of Semarang1
Sitti Fatimah MaddusilaTadulako University1
Agus LaniniTadulako University1
Maria Silvya E. WanggaUniversitas Trisakti1

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Sumber metadata: OAI-PMH (metadata jurnal) https://journal.unnes.ac.id/journals/jllr/oai, pertama di-harvest 6 Nov 2026, terakhir terlihat 8 Nov 2026.
Metadata asli (oai_dc) 
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	<dc:title xml:lang="en">Reforming the Statute of Limitations under Indonesia’s New Criminal Code: Toward a Modern Criminal Justice System</dc:title>
	<dc:creator xml:lang="en">Kusuma, Bagus Hendradi</dc:creator>
	<dc:creator xml:lang="en">Arief, Barda Nawawi</dc:creator>
	<dc:creator xml:lang="en">Pujiyono, Pujiyono</dc:creator>
	<dc:creator xml:lang="en">Arifin, Ridwan</dc:creator>
	<dc:creator xml:lang="en">Cassandro, Izan Mateo</dc:creator>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Statute of Limitations</dc:subject>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Criminal Law Reform</dc:subject>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Indonesian Criminal Code</dc:subject>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Criminal Justice System</dc:subject>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Legal Policy</dc:subject>
	<dc:description xml:lang="en">The statutes of limitations are an essential aspect of criminal law because they help balance the certainty, rationality, and efficiency of the field. However, legal rules concerning time, the complexity of crimes, and changing expectations for victims have come into question. This paper analyzes the new Indonesian criminal code (often called Law No. 1 of 2023), its limitations and regulations, and its contribution to the Modernization of the criminal justice system. The primary question this research seeks to answer is to what extent the justice system’s modernity adequately addresses the challenges of modernizing criminal justice. This study aims to integrate the reasoning, justification, and impact of the regulation of limitations in the new Indonesian criminal code. Employing a normative legal approach, this study is based on the Statute, Conceptual, and systematic and structured analyses, and comparative in nature, to examine the unification, direction, and legal policy of the limitations regulation in the new Indonesian criminal code. Statutes of limitations constitute an essential element of criminal law as they balance legal certainty, fairness, and efficiency in criminal prosecution. However, rapid social change, increasingly complex crimes, and evolving expectations regarding victims’ rights have challenged traditional approaches to limitation periods. This study examines the regulation of statutes of limitations in Indonesia’s New Criminal Code (Law No. 1 of 2023) and evaluates their role in modernizing the criminal justice system. Using normative legal research, this study analyzes the legal policy underpinning the reform of limitation periods through statutory, conceptual, and comparative approaches. The findings indicate that the new Criminal Code introduces a differentiated limitation system based on the seriousness of offenses, reflecting a shift from purely procedural justice toward substantive justice. The reform strengthens legal certainty, supports the effective prosecution of complex crimes, and enhances victim protection. Nevertheless, the success of this reform will depend on consistent judicial interpretation and the institutional capacity of law enforcement agencies.</dc:description>
	<dc:publisher xml:lang="en">Faculty of Law, Universitas Negeri Semarang, Indonesia</dc:publisher>
	<dc:date>2026-04-30</dc:date>
	<dc:type>info:eu-repo/semantics/article</dc:type>
	<dc:type>info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion</dc:type>
	<dc:format>application/pdf</dc:format>
	<dc:identifier>https://journal.unnes.ac.id/journals/jllr/article/view/42768</dc:identifier>
	<dc:identifier>10.15294/jllr.v7i2.42768</dc:identifier>
	<dc:source xml:lang="en">Journal of Law and Legal Reform; Vol. 7 No. 2 (2026): April, 2026; 951-986</dc:source>
	<dc:source>2715-0968</dc:source>
	<dc:source>2715-0941</dc:source>
	<dc:source>10.15294/jllr.v7i2</dc:source>
	<dc:language>eng</dc:language>
	<dc:relation>https://journal.unnes.ac.id/journals/jllr/article/view/42768/9516</dc:relation>
	<dc:rights xml:lang="en">Copyright (c) 2026 Bagus Hendradi Kusuma, Barda Nawawi Arief, Pujiyono Pujiyono, Ridwan Arifin, Izan Mateo Cassandro (Author)</dc:rights>
	<dc:rights xml:lang="en">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0</dc:rights>
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