Akses terbuka Jurnal
Asserting Living Law through the Negative Function of Material Unlawfulness under Law Number 1 of 2023
Journal of Law and Legal Reform · Vol. 7 No. 4 (2026) · hlm. 2067–2100
- ISSN
- 2715-0968, 2715-0941
- Terbit
- 2026-10-16
- Penerbit
- Faculty of Law, Universitas Negeri Semarang, Indonesia
- Bahasa
- eng
Abstrak
Indonesian criminal law reform through Law Number 1 of 2023 recognizes living law as a source of criminal law, as stipulated in Article 2 of the Criminal Code. This provision reflects the integration of the principles of formal and material legality and recognition of the constitutional rights of indigenous peoples. However, its implementation has been controversial, particularly because it emphasizes the positive nature of unlawfulness, while in practice, society still applies material unlawfulness in a negative function. Phenomena such as gresek/ngasak in Java and elopement in Lombok demonstrate the difference between the assessment of customary law and national criminal law regarding an act. Although existing studies have examined living law and the principle of material legality, a research gap remains in comprehensively examining the application of material unlawfulness in its negative function as a basis for excluding the unlawfulness of an act that formally constitutes a criminal offense under the Criminal Code but is not regarded as unlawful under the living law of the community. This study is among the first to examine the negative function of material unlawfulness under Article 2 of the Indonesian Criminal Code. This study uses a normative juridical method, with a qualitative approach, based on a literature review of primary and secondary legal materials. The results demonstrate the need to consider living law in society as a basis for assessing material unlawfulness. The doctrine of material unlawfulness in a negative function has been applied in Supreme Court jurisprudence, particularly in Decisions Number 42 K/Kr/1965 and Number 81 K/Kr/1973. In both cases, although the formal elements of the crime were met, the judges considered that the unlawful nature could be eliminated based on the principles of justice, unwritten law, and the concept of material justice, so that the perpetrators were not punished. In the development of judicial practice, this teaching tends to be ignored. Conversely, in the lives of rural communities in Batang and Banjarnegara, this principle remains alive, reflected in the practice of gresek/ngasak, which is seen as a form of social solidarity and is not considered an unlawful act.
Kata kunci
Jaringan kolaborasi para penulis
40 penulis · 144 tautan kepenulisan bersama · 29 lintas organisasi · menampilkan 40 yang paling banyak terhubung
Arahkan kursor atau ketuk sebuah nama untuk menyorot rekan penulisnya. Klik dua kali untuk membuka halaman penulis.
- State University of Semarang
- Novena University
- National University of Malaysia
- Padjadjaran University
- National Defence University of Malaysia
- Dhofar University
- Afiliasi tidak diketahui
- Organisasi berbeda
- Organisasi sama
- Afiliasi tidak diketahui
- Garis lebih tebal = lebih banyak artikel bersama · lingkaran lebih besar = lebih banyak artikel
Tampilkan sebagai tabel
| Rekan penulis | Organisasi | Artikel bersama |
|---|---|---|
| Anis Widyawati | State University of Semarang | 12 |
| Indah Sri Utari | State University of Semarang | 9 |
| Riska Alkadri | State University of Semarang | 7 |
| Rasdi Rasdi | State University of Semarang | 7 |
| Waspiah Waspiah | State University of Semarang | 7 |
| Muhammad Azil Maskur | State University of Semarang | 7 |
| Nadiyah Meyliana Putri | State University of Semarang | 6 |
| Sonny Saptoajie Wicaksono | State University of Semarang | 6 |
| Muhamad Sayuti Hassan | National University of Malaysia | 5 |
| Nurul Fibrianti | State University of Semarang | 5 |
| Septhian Eka Adiyatma | State University of Semarang | 5 |
| Bayangsari Wedhatami | State University of Semarang | 5 |
| Ngboawaji Daniel Nte | Novena University | 5 |
| Muhammad Iqbal Baiquni | State University of Semarang | 5 |
| Riki Julianto | Afiliasi tidak diketahui | 5 |
| Dian Latifiani | State University of Semarang | 5 |
| Chanidia Ari Rahmayani | State University of Semarang | 5 |
| Ahmad Zaharuddin Sani Ahmad Sabri | Afiliasi tidak diketahui | 5 |
| Asyaffa Ridzqi Amandha | State University of Semarang | 5 |
| Rodiyah Rodiyah | State University of Semarang | 5 |
| Muhammad Wahyu Saiful Huda | State University of Semarang | 4 |
| Souad Ahmed Ezzerouali | Dhofar University | 4 |
| Syaiful Amin | State University of Semarang | 3 |
| R. Benny Riyanto | State University of Semarang | 3 |
| Layla Putri Aulya | State University of Semarang | 3 |
| Siti Mursidah | State University of Semarang | 3 |
| Ricky Dermawan Fauzi | State University of Semarang | 3 |
| Rohadhatul Aisy | State University of Semarang | 3 |
| Fadhel Arjuna Adinda | Padjadjaran University | 3 |
| Ngaboawaji Daniel Nte | Novena University | 3 |
| Zaharuddin Sani Ahmah Sabri | National Defence University of Malaysia | 3 |
| Aprila Niravita | State University of Semarang | 3 |
| Ali Masyhar Mursyid | State University of Semarang | 3 |
| Diandra Preludio Ramada | State University of Semarang | 3 |
| Indung Wijayanto | State University of Semarang | 2 |
Afiliasi berasal dari OpenAlex; metadata OAI-PMH jurnal tidak memuatnya. Penulis tanpa ID OpenAlex dicocokkan berdasarkan nama, sehingga dua orang bisa tergabung atau satu orang bisa terpisah.