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Gamified Online Radicalization and Counterterrorism Law Reform for Indonesian Adolescents

Journal of Law and Legal Reform · Vol. 7 No. 3 (2026) · hlm. 1585–1626

DOI
10.15294/jllr.v7i3.58192
ISSN
2715-0968, 2715-0941
Terbit
2026-07-13
Penerbit
Faculty of Law, Universitas Negeri Semarang, Indonesia
Bahasa
eng
Lisensi
creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0

Abstrak

Indonesia’s Counterterrorism Law (Law No. 5 of 2018) has not regulated one of the rapidly growing radicalization vectors: multiplayer online games, where recruitment is decentralized, extremist narratives are embedded in in-game content, and migration to encrypted platforms operates outside existing regulatory frameworks. This research addresses that normative gap by examining how extremist content is disseminated through online games played by Indonesian teenagers and identifying legal weaknesses that leave this vector unregulated. Using a normative-qualitative approach combining doctrinal analysis, literature review, and exploratory questionnaire data from 46 junior high school students (ages 12–15) in Gunungpati, Semarang, this study analyzes radicalization mechanisms—including narrative infiltration, extremist symbols, and in-game recruitment—through Moghaddam’s Staircase to Terrorism framework and Ware’s Third Generation of Radicalization. The findings indicate significant exposure to ideological recruitment through in-game social features and psychosocial vulnerabilities among respondents, strengthening the doctrinal urgency beyond generalized statistical claims. The doctrinal analysis identified three normative gaps in Law No. 5 of 2018: the absence of due diligence obligations for game operators, the lack of detection and school-based reporting mechanisms, and the failure to recognize children vulnerable to radicalization as subjects of legal protection rather than criminal responsibility. By integrating empirical evidence with doctrinal analysis, this study provides the first legal-empirical account linking online game–based radicalization to Indonesian counterterrorism law and highlights the need to shift from a repressive to a prevention-oriented legal framework through early intervention in digital radicalization.

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Ridwan ArifinAfiliasi tidak diketahui10
Cahya WulandariState University of Semarang7
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Wildan Azkal FikriAfiliasi tidak diketahui5
‪Eram Tunggul Pawenang‬State University of Semarang5
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Rasdi RasdiAfiliasi tidak diketahui4
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PujiyonoAfiliasi tidak diketahui2
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Sumber metadata: OAI-PMH (metadata jurnal) https://journal.unnes.ac.id/journals/jllr/oai, pertama di-harvest 6 Nov 2026, terakhir terlihat 6 Nov 2026.
Metadata asli (oai_dc) 
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	<dc:title xml:lang="en">Gamified Online Radicalization and Counterterrorism Law Reform for Indonesian Adolescents</dc:title>
	<dc:creator xml:lang="en">Masyhar, Ali</dc:creator>
	<dc:creator xml:lang="en">Pribadi, Feddy Setio</dc:creator>
	<dc:creator xml:lang="en">Maskur, Muhammad Azil</dc:creator>
	<dc:creator xml:lang="en">Dimarti, Nadhira Madania</dc:creator>
	<dc:creator xml:lang="en">Dauda, Sunusi</dc:creator>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Online Game Radicalization</dc:subject>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Counterterrorism Law Reform</dc:subject>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Normative Gap</dc:subject>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en">School-Based Radicalization Prevention</dc:subject>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Adolescent Digital Vulnerability</dc:subject>
	<dc:description xml:lang="en">Indonesia’s Counterterrorism Law (Law No. 5 of 2018) has not regulated one of the rapidly growing radicalization vectors: multiplayer online games, where recruitment is decentralized, extremist narratives are embedded in in-game content, and migration to encrypted platforms operates outside existing regulatory frameworks. This research addresses that normative gap by examining how extremist content is disseminated through online games played by Indonesian teenagers and identifying legal weaknesses that leave this vector unregulated. Using a normative-qualitative approach combining doctrinal analysis, literature review, and exploratory questionnaire data from 46 junior high school students (ages 12–15) in Gunungpati, Semarang, this study analyzes radicalization mechanisms—including narrative infiltration, extremist symbols, and in-game recruitment—through Moghaddam’s Staircase to Terrorism framework and Ware’s Third Generation of Radicalization. The findings indicate significant exposure to ideological recruitment through in-game social features and psychosocial vulnerabilities among respondents, strengthening the doctrinal urgency beyond generalized statistical claims. The doctrinal analysis identified three normative gaps in Law No. 5 of 2018: the absence of due diligence obligations for game operators, the lack of detection and school-based reporting mechanisms, and the failure to recognize children vulnerable to radicalization as subjects of legal protection rather than criminal responsibility. By integrating empirical evidence with doctrinal analysis, this study provides the first legal-empirical account linking online game–based radicalization to Indonesian counterterrorism law and highlights the need to shift from a repressive to a prevention-oriented legal framework through early intervention in digital radicalization.</dc:description>
	<dc:publisher xml:lang="en">Faculty of Law, Universitas Negeri Semarang, Indonesia</dc:publisher>
	<dc:date>2026-07-13</dc:date>
	<dc:type>info:eu-repo/semantics/article</dc:type>
	<dc:type>info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion</dc:type>
	<dc:format>application/pdf</dc:format>
	<dc:identifier>https://journal.unnes.ac.id/journals/jllr/article/view/58192</dc:identifier>
	<dc:identifier>10.15294/jllr.v7i3.58192</dc:identifier>
	<dc:source xml:lang="en">Journal of Law and Legal Reform; Vol. 7 No. 3 (2026): July, 2026; 1585-1626</dc:source>
	<dc:source>2715-0968</dc:source>
	<dc:source>2715-0941</dc:source>
	<dc:source>10.15294/jllr.v7i3</dc:source>
	<dc:language>eng</dc:language>
	<dc:relation>https://journal.unnes.ac.id/journals/jllr/article/view/58192/10999</dc:relation>
	<dc:rights xml:lang="en">Copyright (c) 2026 Ali Masyhar, Feddy Setio Pribadi, Muhammad Azil Maskur, Nadhira Madania Dimarti, Sunusi Dauda (Author)</dc:rights>
	<dc:rights xml:lang="en">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0</dc:rights>
</oai_dc:dc>