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Nutrient Recovery from Palm Oil Mill Effluent for Fertilizer Production: Technology Options and Practical Barriers

Journal of Clean Technology · Vol. 3 No. 1 (2026) · hlm. 19–32

DOI
10.15294/joct.v3i1.42320
ISSN
2460-9811, 2460-8874
Terbit
2026-03-06
Penerbit
Universitas Negeri Semarang
Bahasa
eng
Lisensi
creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0

Abstrak

Palm oil mill effluent (POME) is a high-strength agro-industrial wastewater whose management governs both environmental performance and operational resilience of palm oil mills. Treatment trains optimized solely for COD/BOD reduction often accumulate operational penalties under feed variability, including scaling, sludge burden, and persistent polishing demands, rather than forming a controllable value-generating platform. This review reframes nutrient recovery from POME as a fertilizer manufacturing problem embedded in a wastewater system, where removal does not equal recovery unless nutrients are transferred into a defined product phase with mass-balanced yield, controlled composition, impurity management, and agronomic function. Anaerobic digestion is positioned as a pivotal pivot point because it converts organic load to methane while producing an anaerobically digested liquor that is operationally more suitable for targeted nutrient recovery than raw POME. Using a PRISMA-ScR scoping review with a systematic search, evidence was mapped across three coupled outcome domains: water reuse/reclamation, energy recovery (biogas/CH₄), and nutrient circularity (N–P recovery and derived products). The synthesis compares unit operations by function and operability constraints, then assembles feasible combinations into a process superstructure and a decision roadmap for pathway selection under mill constraints. Findings emphasize that raw POME and anaerobically digested POME are not interchangeable feedstocks: raw POME is dominated by solids/colloids that hinder selective recovery and contaminate products, while post-digestion variability is more chemistry-driven and governs precipitation windows and membrane stability. Recovery options converge toward hybrid systems integrating crystallization (struvite/phosphate minerals), adsorption/ion exchange with regenerability, membrane concentration including fertilizer-drawn forward osmosis, and biological assimilation (microalgae), with fouling, scaling, and crystallization inhibition as decisive design variables. Overall, meaningful nutrient recovery from POME is achieved only when fertilizer grade products are produced while simultaneously reducing compliance risk and operational burden.

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  • Politeknik ATI Padang
  • Diponegoro University
  • Universitas Negeri Padang
  • Istanbul Medeniyet University
  • Muhammadiyah University of Surakarta
  • Universitas Gadjah Mada
  • Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember
  • Organisasi berbeda
  • Organisasi sama
  • Afiliasi tidak diketahui
  • Garis lebih tebal = lebih banyak artikel bersama · lingkaran lebih besar = lebih banyak artikel
Tampilkan sebagai tabel
Rekan penulisOrganisasiArtikel bersama
Hadiyanto HadiyantoDiponegoro University2
Hasan MaksumUniversitas Negeri Padang1
Dwi Sudarno PutraUniversitas Negeri Padang1
Wawan PurwantoUniversitas Negeri Padang1
Hasan KötenIstanbul Medeniyet University1
Arief Taufik BudimanUniversitas Gadjah Mada1
Kusmiyati KusmiyatiMuhammadiyah University of Surakarta1
Achmad RoesyadiInstitut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember1
Widayat WidayatDiponegoro University1
Dessy AriyantiDiponegoro University1
Desiyantri Siti PinundiDiponegoro University1
Elda PelitaPoliteknik ATI Padang1
Desniorita DesnioritaPoliteknik ATI Padang1
Dyah NirmalaPoliteknik ATI Padang1
Rita YoufaPoliteknik ATI Padang1
Regna Tri JayantiPoliteknik ATI Padang1
Resi Levi PermadaniPoliteknik ATI Padang1

Afiliasi berasal dari OpenAlex; metadata OAI-PMH jurnal tidak memuatnya. Penulis tanpa ID OpenAlex dicocokkan berdasarkan nama, sehingga dua orang bisa tergabung atau satu orang bisa terpisah.

Sumber metadata: OAI-PMH (metadata jurnal) https://journal.unnes.ac.id/journals/joct/oai, pertama di-harvest 6 Nov 2026, terakhir terlihat 8 Nov 2026.
Metadata asli (oai_dc) 
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	<dc:title xml:lang="en">Nutrient Recovery from Palm Oil Mill Effluent for Fertilizer Production: Technology Options and Practical Barriers</dc:title>
	<dc:creator xml:lang="en">Yahya, Agung Kurnia</dc:creator>
	<dc:creator xml:lang="en">Aini, Apsari Puspita </dc:creator>
	<dc:creator xml:lang="en">Miftahurrahmah</dc:creator>
	<dc:creator xml:lang="en">Sahaq, Anang Baharuddin</dc:creator>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en">anaerobic digestion</dc:subject>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en">fertilizer grade recovery</dc:subject>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en">nutrient circularity </dc:subject>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en">palm oil mill effluent </dc:subject>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en">struvite</dc:subject>
	<dc:description xml:lang="en">Palm oil mill effluent (POME) is a high-strength agro-industrial wastewater whose management governs both environmental performance and operational resilience of palm oil mills. Treatment trains optimized solely for COD/BOD reduction often accumulate operational penalties under feed variability, including scaling, sludge burden, and persistent polishing demands, rather than forming a controllable value-generating platform. This review reframes nutrient recovery from POME as a fertilizer manufacturing problem embedded in a wastewater system, where removal does not equal recovery unless nutrients are transferred into a defined product phase with mass-balanced yield, controlled composition, impurity management, and agronomic function. Anaerobic digestion is positioned as a pivotal pivot point because it converts organic load to methane while producing an anaerobically digested liquor that is operationally more suitable for targeted nutrient recovery than raw POME. Using a PRISMA-ScR scoping review with a systematic search, evidence was mapped across three coupled outcome domains: water reuse/reclamation, energy recovery (biogas/CH₄), and nutrient circularity (N–P recovery and derived products). The synthesis compares unit operations by function and operability constraints, then assembles feasible combinations into a process superstructure and a decision roadmap for pathway selection under mill constraints. Findings emphasize that raw POME and anaerobically digested POME are not interchangeable feedstocks: raw POME is dominated by solids/colloids that hinder selective recovery and contaminate products, while post-digestion variability is more chemistry-driven and governs precipitation windows and membrane stability. Recovery options converge toward hybrid systems integrating crystallization (struvite/phosphate minerals), adsorption/ion exchange with regenerability, membrane concentration including fertilizer-drawn forward osmosis, and biological assimilation (microalgae), with fouling, scaling, and crystallization inhibition as decisive design variables. Overall, meaningful nutrient recovery from POME is achieved only when fertilizer grade products are produced while simultaneously reducing compliance risk and operational burden.</dc:description>
	<dc:publisher xml:lang="en">Universitas Negeri Semarang</dc:publisher>
	<dc:date>2026-03-06</dc:date>
	<dc:type>info:eu-repo/semantics/article</dc:type>
	<dc:type>info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion</dc:type>
	<dc:type xml:lang="en">Peer-reviewed Article</dc:type>
	<dc:format>application/pdf</dc:format>
	<dc:identifier>https://journal.unnes.ac.id/journals/joct/article/view/42320</dc:identifier>
	<dc:identifier>10.15294/joct.v3i1.42320</dc:identifier>
	<dc:source xml:lang="en">Journal of Clean Technology; Vol. 3 No. 1 (2026): February 2026; 19-32</dc:source>
	<dc:source>2460-9811</dc:source>
	<dc:source>2460-8874</dc:source>
	<dc:source>10.15294/joct.v3i1</dc:source>
	<dc:language>eng</dc:language>
	<dc:relation>https://journal.unnes.ac.id/journals/joct/article/view/42320/8623</dc:relation>
	<dc:rights xml:lang="en">Copyright (c) 2026 Agung Kurnia Yahya, Apsari Puspita  Aini, Miftahurrahmah, Anang Baharuddin Sahaq (Author)</dc:rights>
	<dc:rights xml:lang="en">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0</dc:rights>
</oai_dc:dc>