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Unveiling Curators’ Accountability in Inaccessible Bankruptcy Estates: Legal Hurdles and Debtor Defiance

Journal of Private and Commercial Law · Vol. 9 No. 2 (2025) · hlm. 317–344

DOI
10.15294/jpcl.v9i2.29092
ISSN
2599-0306, 2599-0314
Terbit
2025-11-30
Penerbit
Universitas Negeri Semarang
Bahasa
eng
Lisensi
creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0

Abstrak

This article analyzes the critical role of curators in managing bankruptcy estates, with a particular focus on the challenges they face when debtors obstruct access to assets, hindering the insolvency process. Under Indonesia’s Law No. 37 of 2004 on Bankruptcy and Suspension of Debt Payment Obligations, curators are authorized to access and manage the bankruptcy estate without debtor consent. However, in practice, curators often encounter resistance, such as being denied entry to business premises or access to essential documents. This obstruction not only complicates the curator's duties to inventory, secure, and liquidate assets but also poses significant risks to creditors' interests. Through a doctrinal research approach, this study examines the legal responsibilities and potential remedies available to curators when faced with debtor non-cooperation. The research highlights that while curators have substantial legal duties, their accountability should be assessed in proportion to the efforts made to overcome debtor resistance, such as reporting to the supervisory judge, seeking forced execution, and taking anticipatory actions against asset concealment. Furthermore, curators have access to several legal remedies, including coordination with supervisory judges, law enforcement intervention, and filing a lawsuit for asset cancellation (actio pauliana) in cases of fraudulent asset transfers. The article contributes to the discourse on insolvency law by proposing legal reforms to enhance curator authority and protect creditors’ rights. It argues for more robust enforcement mechanisms to ensure the efficiency and fairness of the bankruptcy process, offering valuable insights for legislators, legal practitioners, and scholars seeking to address the complexities of debtor non-cooperation.

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  • State University of Semarang
  • Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona
  • University of Technology Malaysia
  • Dhofar University
  • International University of Sarajevo
  • South Asian University
  • Yazd University
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Rekan penulisOrganisasiArtikel bersama
Ridwan ArifinState University of Semarang2
Souad Ahmed EzzeroualiDhofar University2
Ena KazićInternational University of Sarajevo1
Abdul HaseebSouth Asian University1
Seyedmohsen HekmatimoghadamYazd University1
Asmarani RamliState University of Semarang1
Waspiah WaspiahState University of Semarang1
Rodiyah RodiyahState University of Semarang1
Ridwan ArifinState University of Semarang1
Sonia Yamileth Castro YamaAfiliasi tidak diketahui1
Mashaallah Othman Mohamed Al-ZwaeUniversity of Benghazi1
Muhammad Ikram Nur FuadyUniversity of Liverpool1
Indah Sri UtariState University of Semarang1
Ali MasyharState University of Semarang1

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Sumber metadata: OAI-PMH (metadata jurnal) https://journal.unnes.ac.id/journals/jpcl/oai, pertama di-harvest 6 Nov 2026, terakhir terlihat 8 Nov 2026.
Metadata asli (oai_dc) 
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	<dc:title xml:lang="en">Unveiling Curators’ Accountability in Inaccessible Bankruptcy Estates: Legal Hurdles and Debtor Defiance</dc:title>
	<dc:creator xml:lang="en">Susanto, Wahyu Aji</dc:creator>
	<dc:creator xml:lang="en">Sebastian, Valerio</dc:creator>
	<dc:creator xml:lang="en">Malik, Siti Aminatun Nasifah Ahmad</dc:creator>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Bankruptcy Law</dc:subject>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Curator Accountability</dc:subject>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Debtor Non-Cooperation</dc:subject>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Legal Remedies</dc:subject>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Asset Concealment</dc:subject>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Legal Reform</dc:subject>
	<dc:description xml:lang="en">This article analyzes the critical role of curators in managing bankruptcy estates, with a particular focus on the challenges they face when debtors obstruct access to assets, hindering the insolvency process. Under Indonesia’s Law No. 37 of 2004 on Bankruptcy and Suspension of Debt Payment Obligations, curators are authorized to access and manage the bankruptcy estate without debtor consent. However, in practice, curators often encounter resistance, such as being denied entry to business premises or access to essential documents. This obstruction not only complicates the curator's duties to inventory, secure, and liquidate assets but also poses significant risks to creditors' interests. Through a doctrinal research approach, this study examines the legal responsibilities and potential remedies available to curators when faced with debtor non-cooperation. The research highlights that while curators have substantial legal duties, their accountability should be assessed in proportion to the efforts made to overcome debtor resistance, such as reporting to the supervisory judge, seeking forced execution, and taking anticipatory actions against asset concealment. Furthermore, curators have access to several legal remedies, including coordination with supervisory judges, law enforcement intervention, and filing a lawsuit for asset cancellation (actio pauliana) in cases of fraudulent asset transfers. The article contributes to the discourse on insolvency law by proposing legal reforms to enhance curator authority and protect creditors’ rights. It argues for more robust enforcement mechanisms to ensure the efficiency and fairness of the bankruptcy process, offering valuable insights for legislators, legal practitioners, and scholars seeking to address the complexities of debtor non-cooperation.
 </dc:description>
	<dc:publisher xml:lang="en">Universitas Negeri Semarang</dc:publisher>
	<dc:date>2025-11-30</dc:date>
	<dc:type>info:eu-repo/semantics/article</dc:type>
	<dc:type>info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion</dc:type>
	<dc:type xml:lang="en">Peer-reviewed Article</dc:type>
	<dc:format>application/pdf</dc:format>
	<dc:identifier>https://journal.unnes.ac.id/journals/jpcl/article/view/29092</dc:identifier>
	<dc:identifier>10.15294/jpcl.v9i2.29092</dc:identifier>
	<dc:source xml:lang="en">Journal of Private and Commercial Law; Vol. 9 No. 2 (2025): November, 2025; 317-344</dc:source>
	<dc:source>2599-0306</dc:source>
	<dc:source>2599-0314</dc:source>
	<dc:source>10.15294/jpcl.v9i2</dc:source>
	<dc:language>eng</dc:language>
	<dc:relation>https://journal.unnes.ac.id/journals/jpcl/article/view/29092/9435</dc:relation>
	<dc:rights xml:lang="en">Copyright (c) 2025 Wahyu Aji Susanto, Valerio Sebastian, Siti Aminatun Nasifah Ahmad Malik (Author)</dc:rights>
	<dc:rights xml:lang="en">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0</dc:rights>
</oai_dc:dc>