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Passive Stretching Intervention for Upper Back Muscle Imbalance: A Focus on the Rhomboid Muscle in Adults

Journal of Physical Education Health and Sport · Vol. 12 No. 1 (2025) · hlm. 93–98

DOI
10.15294/jpehs.v12i1.29189
ISSN
2354-7901, 2354-8231
Terbit
2025-07-18
Penerbit
Universitas Negeri Semarang
Bahasa
eng

Abstrak

Adults are increasingly experiencing upper back muscle imbalances, particularly rhomboid muscle tightness, often due to prolonged sitting and poor posture. This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of a single passive stretching session in relieving rhomboid muscle tightness in adults. A one-group pretest-posttest quasi-experimental design was employed using pre-existing data from Klinik Satu Sehat Semarang, which included 13 adults aged 18 to 59 years. Each participant underwent a single passive stretching session, and measurements of shoulder movement and muscle tightness were taken before and after using a goniometer and the Visual Analog Scale (VAS). A paired t-test revealed a statistically significant reduction in muscle tightness (p = 0.004), with an average decrease of two VAS points. Additionally, shoulder retraction range of motion increased by an average of 6 degrees (p = 0.001). Passive stretching of the rhomboid muscle effectively improves shoulder mobility and reduces upper back stiffness in adults within a single session, making it a practical method for addressing muscle problems caused by poor posture and applicable in rehabilitation and prevention programs.

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  • University of Pembangunan Nasional Veteran Jawa Timur
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Rekan penulisOrganisasiArtikel bersama
Dicky Budhi SetyawanAfiliasi tidak diketahui4
Fajar Awang IrawanAfiliasi tidak diketahui3
Safina AzzahraAfiliasi tidak diketahui3
Primawati SucianiAfiliasi tidak diketahui3
InayatunAfiliasi tidak diketahui3
Dhias Fajar Widya PermanaAfiliasi tidak diketahui3
Agil Kusuma WardhanaAfiliasi tidak diketahui2
Revi Meyrdiansyah FatmaAfiliasi tidak diketahui2
Intan Septi KartikaAfiliasi tidak diketahui2
Sugiarto SugiartoUniversity of Pembangunan Nasional Veteran Jawa Timur1
Anies SetiowatiAfiliasi tidak diketahui1
Muhammad Azzam AyyasyAfiliasi tidak diketahui1
Sri SurmartiningsihAfiliasi tidak diketahui1
Ai Sumirah SetiawatiAfiliasi tidak diketahui1
Wanda Kusuma PutriAfiliasi tidak diketahui1
Romayuli PardedeAfiliasi tidak diketahui1
Nonik RahestiAfiliasi tidak diketahui1
Ulfatul Azizah AwaliyyahAfiliasi tidak diketahui1
Devina LutfianiAfiliasi tidak diketahui1
SugiartoAfiliasi tidak diketahui1
Puput EdiyarsariAfiliasi tidak diketahui1
Khoiril AnamAfiliasi tidak diketahui1
Febry Putra RochimAfiliasi tidak diketahui1
Safira Chairani DimartiAfiliasi tidak diketahui1
Ayu Nur HidayahAfiliasi tidak diketahui1
Ahmad Fa'iq Arsyad FahrezaAfiliasi tidak diketahui1
Dewi PuspitasariAfiliasi tidak diketahui1

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Sumber metadata: OAI-PMH (metadata jurnal) https://journal.unnes.ac.id/journals/jpehs/oai, pertama di-harvest 6 Nov 2026, terakhir terlihat 6 Nov 2026.
Metadata asli (oai_dc) 
<oai_dc:dc xmlns="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/" xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:oai_dc="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/  http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc.xsd">
	<dc:title xml:lang="en">Passive Stretching Intervention for Upper Back Muscle Imbalance: A Focus on the Rhomboid Muscle in Adults</dc:title>
	<dc:creator xml:lang="en">Sandhya Kresnajati</dc:creator>
	<dc:creator xml:lang="en">Riki Edo Saputro</dc:creator>
	<dc:creator xml:lang="en">Aziz Amrulloh</dc:creator>
	<dc:creator xml:lang="en">M Syahrul Muafi</dc:creator>
	<dc:creator xml:lang="en">Dicky Budhi Setiawan</dc:creator>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Passive Stretching; Rhomboid Muscle Tightness; Shoulder Range of Motion</dc:subject>
	<dc:description xml:lang="en">Adults are increasingly experiencing upper back muscle imbalances, particularly rhomboid muscle tightness, often due to prolonged sitting and poor posture. This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of a single passive stretching session in relieving rhomboid muscle tightness in adults. A one-group pretest-posttest quasi-experimental design was employed using pre-existing data from Klinik Satu Sehat Semarang, which included 13 adults aged 18 to 59 years. Each participant underwent a single passive stretching session, and measurements of shoulder movement and muscle tightness were taken before and after using a goniometer and the Visual Analog Scale (VAS). A paired t-test revealed a statistically significant reduction in muscle tightness (p = 0.004), with an average decrease of two VAS points. Additionally, shoulder retraction range of motion increased by an average of 6 degrees (p = 0.001).  Passive stretching of the rhomboid muscle effectively improves shoulder mobility and reduces upper back stiffness in adults within a single session, making it a practical method for addressing muscle problems caused by poor posture and applicable in rehabilitation and prevention programs. </dc:description>
	<dc:publisher xml:lang="en">Universitas Negeri Semarang</dc:publisher>
	<dc:date>2025-07-18</dc:date>
	<dc:type>info:eu-repo/semantics/article</dc:type>
	<dc:type>info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion</dc:type>
	<dc:type xml:lang="en">Peer-reviewed Article</dc:type>
	<dc:format>application/pdf</dc:format>
	<dc:identifier>https://journal.unnes.ac.id/journals/jpehs/article/view/29189</dc:identifier>
	<dc:identifier>10.15294/jpehs.v12i1.29189</dc:identifier>
	<dc:source xml:lang="en">Journal of Physical Education Health and Sport; Vol. 12 No. 1 (2025); 93 - 98</dc:source>
	<dc:source>2354-7901</dc:source>
	<dc:source>2354-8231</dc:source>
	<dc:source>10.15294/jpehs.v12i1</dc:source>
	<dc:language>eng</dc:language>
	<dc:relation>https://journal.unnes.ac.id/journals/jpehs/article/view/29189/4983</dc:relation>
	<dc:rights xml:lang="en">Copyright (c) 2025 Journal of Physical Education Health and Sport</dc:rights>
</oai_dc:dc>