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Audio Visual-Based Breaststroke Swimming Training Model for Beginner Athletes Elementary School (12-13 Years Old)

Journal of Physical Education Health and Sport · Vol. 13 No. 1 (2026) · hlm. 63–71

DOI
10.15294/jpehs.v13i1.42803
ISSN
2354-7901, 2354-8231
Terbit
2026-04-30
Penerbit
Universitas Negeri Semarang
Bahasa
eng

Abstrak

Breaststroke is one of the basic swimming styles most often learned by beginner athletes, but mastering the technique requires complex coordination between arm, leg and breathing movements. Innovation of audio-visual based training model is seen as a solution to increase the effectiveness of breaststroke technique learning. This study aims to develop and test the effectiveness of an audio-visual based breaststroke swimming training model for beginner athletes of elementary school (12–13 years old). This study uses a Research and Development (R&D) approach with the ADDIE model (Analysis, Design, Development, Implementation, Evaluation). The research subjects were 66 athletes divided into experimental and control groups. Data collection was carried out through observation, interviews, and swimming skills tests. Data analysis used descriptive statistics, normality tests, homogeneity tests, paired sample t-tests, and N-Gain tests with the help of IBM SPSS Statistics 25. The results showed that the developed training model was declared valid by material experts and media experts with several revisions for improvement. The implementation of the model showed a significant increase in the experimental group (t = -10.566; p < 0.05) compared to the control group (t = -8.527; p < 0.05). Improved learning outcomes in the experimental group demonstrated that integrating audiovisual media and ground training strengthened athletes' mental representations and motor coordination. The developed model not only improved performance but also enhanced the quality of the learning process in a more interactive and systematic way.

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32 penulis · 76 tautan kepenulisan bersama · 11 lintas organisasi

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  • State University of Jakarta
  • Cenderawasih University
  • Syarif Hidayatullah State Islamic University Jakarta
  • Universitas Syiah Kuala
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Rekan penulisOrganisasiArtikel bersama
Firmansyah DlisState University of Jakarta2
SujarwoAfiliasi tidak diketahui2
Oman Unju SubandiState University of Jakarta2
YuliasihState University of Jakarta1
Eva Julianti PramudyaState University of Jakarta1
RamdaniState University of Jakarta1
Muhammad Fachri AfrizalState University of Jakarta1
Ayu Ratna WulandariAfiliasi tidak diketahui1
Yasep SetiakarnawijayaState University of Jakarta1
Muhamad Fidi AzkaState University of Jakarta1
Aan WasanState University of Jakarta1
Moch. AsmawiState University of Jakarta1
Vindo Pramata IllandaState University of Jakarta1
Miftah Fariz Prima PutraCenderawasih University1
Darius YobeeCenderawasih University1
Khurotul AiniAfiliasi tidak diketahui1
Moch AsmawiAfiliasi tidak diketahui1
Nurman HasibuanState University of Jakarta1
Selvi Atesta KesumawatiAfiliasi tidak diketahui1
Noviria SukmawatiState University of Jakarta1
Razali RazaliUniversitas Syiah Kuala1
Sukiri SukiriState University of Jakarta1
Dena WidyawanState University of Jakarta1
Iwan SetiawanState University of Jakarta1
Eka Fitri Novita SariState University of Jakarta1
WidiastutiAfiliasi tidak diketahui1
Johansyah LubisState University of Jakarta1
Dzihan Khilmi Ayu FirdausiState University of Jakarta1

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Sumber metadata: OAI-PMH (metadata jurnal) https://journal.unnes.ac.id/journals/jpehs/oai, pertama di-harvest 6 Nov 2026, terakhir terlihat 8 Nov 2026.
Metadata asli (oai_dc) 
<oai_dc:dc xmlns="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/" xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:oai_dc="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/  http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc.xsd">
	<dc:title xml:lang="en">Audio Visual-Based Breaststroke Swimming Training Model for Beginner Athletes Elementary School (12-13 Years Old)</dc:title>
	<dc:creator xml:lang="en">Suharmawan Ramadhan</dc:creator>
	<dc:creator xml:lang="en">Ramdan Pelana</dc:creator>
	<dc:creator xml:lang="en">Hernawan</dc:creator>
	<dc:creator xml:lang="en">Sulthan Hadist Ismaiedh Cukarso</dc:creator>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Breaststroke</dc:subject>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Audio Visual  </dc:subject>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Grade III (12-13 Years Old)</dc:subject>
	<dc:description xml:lang="en">Breaststroke is one of the basic swimming styles most often learned by beginner athletes, but mastering the technique requires complex coordination between arm, leg and breathing movements. Innovation of audio-visual based training model is seen as a solution to increase the effectiveness of breaststroke technique learning. This study aims to develop and test the effectiveness of an audio-visual based breaststroke swimming training model for beginner athletes of elementary school (12–13 years old). This study uses a Research and Development (R&amp;amp;D) approach with the ADDIE model (Analysis, Design, Development, Implementation, Evaluation). The research subjects were 66 athletes divided into experimental and control groups. Data collection was carried out through observation, interviews, and swimming skills tests. Data analysis used descriptive statistics, normality tests, homogeneity tests, paired sample t-tests, and N-Gain tests with the help of IBM SPSS Statistics 25. The results showed that the developed training model was declared valid by material experts and media experts with several revisions for improvement. The implementation of the model showed a significant increase in the experimental group (t = -10.566; p &amp;lt; 0.05) compared to the control group (t = -8.527; p &amp;lt; 0.05). Improved learning outcomes in the experimental group demonstrated that integrating audiovisual media and ground training strengthened athletes' mental representations and motor coordination. The developed model not only improved performance but also enhanced the quality of the learning process in a more interactive and systematic way.</dc:description>
	<dc:publisher xml:lang="en">Universitas Negeri Semarang</dc:publisher>
	<dc:date>2026-04-30</dc:date>
	<dc:type>info:eu-repo/semantics/article</dc:type>
	<dc:type>info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion</dc:type>
	<dc:type xml:lang="en">Peer-reviewed Article</dc:type>
	<dc:format>application/pdf</dc:format>
	<dc:identifier>https://journal.unnes.ac.id/journals/jpehs/article/view/42803</dc:identifier>
	<dc:identifier>10.15294/jpehs.v13i1.42803</dc:identifier>
	<dc:source xml:lang="en">Journal of Physical Education Health and Sport; Vol. 13 No. 1 (2026); 63 - 71</dc:source>
	<dc:source>2354-7901</dc:source>
	<dc:source>2354-8231</dc:source>
	<dc:source>10.15294/jpehs.v13i1</dc:source>
	<dc:language>eng</dc:language>
	<dc:relation>https://journal.unnes.ac.id/journals/jpehs/article/view/42803/8607</dc:relation>
	<dc:rights xml:lang="en">Copyright (c) 2026 Journal of Physical Education Health and Sport</dc:rights>
</oai_dc:dc>