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Improvement of Gross Motor Skills Through Large Ball Games tudents at Elementary School

Journal of Physical Education Health and Sport · Vol. 13 No. 1 (2026) · hlm. 95–101

DOI
10.15294/jpehs.v13i1.42808
ISSN
2354-7901, 2354-8231
Terbit
2026-04-30
Penerbit
Universitas Negeri Semarang
Bahasa
eng

Abstrak

Gross motor development is important in physical education, but learning often still focuses on separate technical exercises. Therefore, large ball games can be a more effective strategy for improving students' motor skills. This study aims to determine the effectiveness of ball games in improving the gross motor skills of sixth-grade students at Sadeng 03 Elementary School in Gunungpati District, Semarang City. The research method used a quantitative approach with a one-group pretest-posttest design. The research subjects consisted of 29 students selected through purposive sampling. Data on gross motor skills were collected through motor agility tests, including shuttle runs, ball throwing and catching, stork stands, and 30-metre sprints, as well as measurements of basic football and volleyball techniques. Data analysis was performed using the Shapiro-Wilk normality test, Paired t-Test, and N-Gain calculation. The results showed that the data were normally distributed (p = 0.137). The Paired t-Test showed a significant difference between the pretest and posttest scores (p = 0.000), indicating a significant improvement in motor skills after the intervention, which was reinforced by the N-Gain results showing that 96.5% of students experienced moderate to high improvement. These findings indicate that learning through ball games effectively improves students' agility, coordination, balance, and speed. Improvements were also seen in motor tests without balls, such as shuttle runs, stork stands, 30-metre sprints, and ball throwing and catching, making them relevant and effective for optimising the gross motor skills of primary school students.

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Sumber metadata: OAI-PMH (metadata jurnal) https://journal.unnes.ac.id/journals/jpehs/oai, pertama di-harvest 6 Nov 2026, terakhir terlihat 8 Nov 2026.
Metadata asli (oai_dc) 
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	<dc:title xml:lang="en">Improvement of Gross Motor Skills Through Large Ball Games tudents at Elementary School</dc:title>
	<dc:creator xml:lang="en">Brian Lesmana</dc:creator>
	<dc:creator xml:lang="en">Moch. Fahmi Abdulaziz</dc:creator>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Gross motor skills </dc:subject>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en">large ball game </dc:subject>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en">physical education </dc:subject>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en">football  </dc:subject>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en">volleyball</dc:subject>
	<dc:description xml:lang="en">Gross motor development is important in physical education, but learning often still focuses on separate technical exercises. Therefore, large ball games can be a more effective strategy for improving students' motor skills. This study aims to determine the effectiveness of ball games in improving the gross motor skills of sixth-grade students at  Sadeng 03 Elementary School in Gunungpati District, Semarang City. The research method used a quantitative approach with a one-group pretest-posttest design. The research subjects consisted of 29 students selected through purposive sampling. Data on gross motor skills were collected through motor agility tests, including shuttle runs, ball throwing and catching, stork stands, and 30-metre sprints, as well as measurements of basic football and volleyball techniques. Data analysis was performed using the Shapiro-Wilk normality test, Paired t-Test, and N-Gain calculation. The results showed that the data were normally distributed (p = 0.137). The Paired t-Test showed a significant difference between the pretest and posttest scores (p = 0.000), indicating a significant improvement in motor skills after the intervention, which was reinforced by the N-Gain results showing that 96.5% of students experienced moderate to high improvement. These findings indicate that learning through ball games effectively improves students' agility, coordination, balance, and speed. Improvements were also seen in motor tests without balls, such as shuttle runs, stork stands, 30-metre sprints, and ball throwing and catching, making them relevant and effective for optimising the gross motor skills of primary school students.</dc:description>
	<dc:publisher xml:lang="en">Universitas Negeri Semarang</dc:publisher>
	<dc:date>2026-04-30</dc:date>
	<dc:type>info:eu-repo/semantics/article</dc:type>
	<dc:type>info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion</dc:type>
	<dc:type xml:lang="en">Peer-reviewed Article</dc:type>
	<dc:format>application/pdf</dc:format>
	<dc:identifier>https://journal.unnes.ac.id/journals/jpehs/article/view/42808</dc:identifier>
	<dc:identifier>10.15294/jpehs.v13i1.42808</dc:identifier>
	<dc:source xml:lang="en">Journal of Physical Education Health and Sport; Vol. 13 No. 1 (2026); 95 - 101</dc:source>
	<dc:source>2354-7901</dc:source>
	<dc:source>2354-8231</dc:source>
	<dc:source>10.15294/jpehs.v13i1</dc:source>
	<dc:language>eng</dc:language>
	<dc:relation>https://journal.unnes.ac.id/journals/jpehs/article/view/42808/8641</dc:relation>
	<dc:rights xml:lang="en">Copyright (c) 2026 Journal of Physical Education Health and Sport</dc:rights>
</oai_dc:dc>