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The Dominant Role of Intrinsic Motivation and Extrinsic Motivation in Improving the Performance of Gymnasts

Journal of Physical Education Health and Sport · Vol. 13 No. 1 (2026) · hlm. 481–486

DOI
10.15294/jpehs.v13i1.47770
ISSN
2354-7901, 2354-8231
Terbit
2026-04-30
Penerbit
Universitas Negeri Semarang
Bahasa
eng

Abstrak

Athlete performance in gymnastics is influenced by various psychological factors, particularly motivation, which plays a crucial role in training consistency and competitive outcomes; however, previous studies have shown inconsistent findings regarding whether intrinsic or extrinsic motivation has a more dominant influence, especially among student-athletes in structured training programs. Therefore, this study aims to analyze the role of intrinsic and extrinsic motivation in improving the performance of gymnastics athletes and to determine the most dominant motivational factor. This study employs a quantitative approach with a correlational method, involving 11 gymnastics athletes who are members of the Student Education and Training Center (PPLP) program selected using a total sampling technique. Data were collected through Likert-scale questionnaires using the Sport Motivation Scale II (SMS-II) to measure intrinsic and extrinsic motivation and the Test of Performance Strategies (TOPS) to assess athlete performance. Data analysis was conducted using Pearson correlation and multiple linear regression with the assistance of SPSS. The results indicate that intrinsic motivation does not have a significant effect on athlete performance, as evidenced by a t-value of 0.831 and a significance level of 0.430 (>0.05), whereas extrinsic motivation has a significant effect with a t-value of 3.594 and a significance level of 0.007 (<0.05), and emerges as the most dominant variable with a beta coefficient of 0.962. Simultaneously, intrinsic and extrinsic motivation significantly influence athlete performance (F = 8.770; p = 0.010 < 0.05), while the coefficient of determination (R Square) of 0.687 indicates that 68.7% of the variation in athlete performance is explained by these variables, confirming that extrinsic motivation plays a more dominant role in this context.

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Nadia Fadilla DamayantiAfiliasi tidak diketahui2
Afan GinanjarAfiliasi tidak diketahui2
Teten HidayatAfiliasi tidak diketahui2
Nur AfifahTanjungpura University1
Ahmad HamidiAfiliasi tidak diketahui1
agus gumilarAfiliasi tidak diketahui1
Arya Dicka NugrahaAfiliasi tidak diketahui1
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Sumber metadata: OAI-PMH (metadata jurnal) https://journal.unnes.ac.id/journals/jpehs/oai, pertama di-harvest 6 Nov 2026, terakhir terlihat 8 Nov 2026.
Metadata asli (oai_dc) 
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	<dc:title xml:lang="en">The Dominant Role of Intrinsic Motivation and Extrinsic Motivation in Improving the Performance of Gymnasts</dc:title>
	<dc:creator xml:lang="en">Dendi Wiranata</dc:creator>
	<dc:creator xml:lang="en">Helmy Firmansyah</dc:creator>
	<dc:creator xml:lang="en">Alit Rahmat</dc:creator>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en">intrinsic motivation </dc:subject>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en">extrinsic motivation</dc:subject>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en">gymnastics athlete performance</dc:subject>
	<dc:description xml:lang="en">Athlete performance in gymnastics is influenced by various psychological factors, particularly motivation, which plays a crucial role in training consistency and competitive outcomes; however, previous studies have shown inconsistent findings regarding whether intrinsic or extrinsic motivation has a more dominant influence, especially among student-athletes in structured training programs. Therefore, this study aims to analyze the role of intrinsic and extrinsic motivation in improving the performance of gymnastics athletes and to determine the most dominant motivational factor. This study employs a quantitative approach with a correlational method, involving 11 gymnastics athletes who are members of the Student Education and Training Center (PPLP) program selected using a total sampling technique. Data were collected through Likert-scale questionnaires using the Sport Motivation Scale II (SMS-II) to measure intrinsic and extrinsic motivation and the Test of Performance Strategies (TOPS) to assess athlete performance. Data analysis was conducted using Pearson correlation and multiple linear regression with the assistance of SPSS. The results indicate that intrinsic motivation does not have a significant effect on athlete performance, as evidenced by a t-value of 0.831 and a significance level of 0.430 (&amp;gt;0.05), whereas extrinsic motivation has a significant effect with a t-value of 3.594 and a significance level of 0.007 (&amp;lt;0.05), and emerges as the most dominant variable with a beta coefficient of 0.962. Simultaneously, intrinsic and extrinsic motivation significantly influence athlete performance (F = 8.770; p = 0.010 &amp;lt; 0.05), while the coefficient of determination (R Square) of 0.687 indicates that 68.7% of the variation in athlete performance is explained by these variables, confirming that extrinsic motivation plays a more dominant role in this context.</dc:description>
	<dc:publisher xml:lang="en">Universitas Negeri Semarang</dc:publisher>
	<dc:date>2026-04-30</dc:date>
	<dc:type>info:eu-repo/semantics/article</dc:type>
	<dc:type>info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion</dc:type>
	<dc:type xml:lang="en">Peer-reviewed Article</dc:type>
	<dc:format>application/pdf</dc:format>
	<dc:identifier>https://journal.unnes.ac.id/journals/jpehs/article/view/47770</dc:identifier>
	<dc:identifier>10.15294/jpehs.v13i1.47770</dc:identifier>
	<dc:source xml:lang="en">Journal of Physical Education Health and Sport; Vol. 13 No. 1 (2026); 481 - 486</dc:source>
	<dc:source>2354-7901</dc:source>
	<dc:source>2354-8231</dc:source>
	<dc:source>10.15294/jpehs.v13i1</dc:source>
	<dc:language>eng</dc:language>
	<dc:relation>https://journal.unnes.ac.id/journals/jpehs/article/view/47770/9280</dc:relation>
	<dc:rights xml:lang="en">Copyright (c) 2026 Journal of Physical Education Health and Sport</dc:rights>
</oai_dc:dc>