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Uncovering Early Risk Factors of Diabetic Peripheral Neuropathy: Insights from Primary Health Care Facilities

Jurnal Kesehatan Masyarakat · Vol. 21 No. 4 (2026) · hlm. 862–872

DOI
10.15294/kemas.v21i4.38336
ISSN
2355-3596, 1858-1196
Terbit
2026-07-09
Penerbit
Universitas Negeri Semarang in collaboration with Ikatan Ahli Kesehatan Masyarakat Indonesia (IAKMI Tingkat Pusat) and Jejaring Nasional Pendidikan Kesehatan (JNPK)
Bahasa
eng

Abstrak

Diabetic Peripheral Neuropathy (DPN) is a progressive and frequently underdiagnosed complication of type 2 diabetes mellitus. Limited early screening based on clinical risk factors in primary healthcare settings in Indonesia contributes to delayed diagnosis, increasing the likelihood of advanced neuropathy, foot ulceration, and lower-limb amputation. This study aimed to identify respondent characteristics and analyze risk factors associated with DPN among individuals with T2DM. A quantitative cross-sectional study was conducted among 162 patients with T2DM in the Bogor Primary Healthcare area. The Michigan Neuropathy Screening Instrument (MNSI) was used to assess neuropathic symptoms, and a physical foot examination was performed. Data were analyzed using Chi-square tests and binary logistic regression. The majority of respondents were aged 35–60 years (56.2%), female (69.1%), and had a duration of diabetes mellitus (DM) of <5 years (71.6%). 75.3% of respondents showed signs of Neuropathy, with the most common symptoms being dry and cracked skin on the feet (93.1%), muscle cramps (75.9%), and numbness (74.1%). No active ulcers were found (0%), and none had a previous diagnosis of Neuropathy. Bivariate analysis showed that age (p=0.004), duration of diabetes mellitus (p=0.030), and random blood sugar (p=0.000) were significantly associated with NPD. Logistic regression identified hyperglycemia (AOR=6.50; 95% CI = 2.65–15.85) and age ≥35 years (AOR=2.16; 95% CI 1.12–4.28) as independent predictors of NPD (Nagelkerke R²=0.27). Peripheral Neuropathy was highly prevalent even among patients with a short diabetes duration and had not been clinically diagnosed previously.

Kata kunci

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9 penulis · 20 tautan kepenulisan bersama · 8 lintas organisasi

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  • Syarif Hidayatullah State Islamic University Jakarta
  • Taipei Medical University
  • Universitas Muhammadiyah Jember
  • Organisasi berbeda
  • Organisasi sama
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Tampilkan sebagai tabel
Rekan penulisOrganisasiArtikel bersama
Endah WulandariSyarif Hidayatullah State Islamic University Jakarta1
Wahyudi WidadaUniversitas Muhammadiyah Jember1
Mardiyanti MardiyantiSyarif Hidayatullah State Islamic University Jakarta1
Samsiah SamsiahSyarif Hidayatullah State Islamic University Jakarta1

Afiliasi berasal dari OpenAlex; metadata OAI-PMH jurnal tidak memuatnya. Penulis tanpa ID OpenAlex dicocokkan berdasarkan nama, sehingga dua orang bisa tergabung atau satu orang bisa terpisah.

Sumber metadata: OAI-PMH (metadata jurnal) https://journal.unnes.ac.id/journals/kemas/oai, pertama di-harvest 6 Nov 2026, terakhir terlihat 8 Nov 2026.
Metadata asli (oai_dc) 
<oai_dc:dc xmlns="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/" xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:oai_dc="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/  http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc.xsd">
	<dc:title xml:lang="en">Uncovering Early Risk Factors of Diabetic Peripheral Neuropathy: Insights from Primary Health Care Facilities</dc:title>
	<dc:creator xml:lang="en">Ardiyati, Adelina Vidya</dc:creator>
	<dc:creator xml:lang="en">Ernawati</dc:creator>
	<dc:creator xml:lang="en">Pelawati, Ratna </dc:creator>
	<dc:creator xml:lang="en">Setyowati, Dwi </dc:creator>
	<dc:creator xml:lang="en">Wijayanti, Septiyani </dc:creator>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Diabetes mellitus type 2</dc:subject>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Neuropathy peripheral diabetic</dc:subject>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en">MNSI</dc:subject>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Early Detection</dc:subject>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en">primary health care</dc:subject>
	<dc:description xml:lang="en">Diabetic Peripheral Neuropathy (DPN) is a progressive and frequently underdiagnosed complication of type 2 diabetes mellitus. Limited early screening based on clinical risk factors in primary healthcare settings in Indonesia contributes to delayed diagnosis, increasing the likelihood of advanced neuropathy, foot ulceration, and lower-limb amputation. This study aimed to identify respondent characteristics and analyze risk factors associated with DPN among individuals with T2DM. A quantitative cross-sectional study was conducted among 162 patients with T2DM in the Bogor Primary Healthcare area. The Michigan Neuropathy Screening Instrument (MNSI) was used to assess neuropathic symptoms, and a physical foot examination was performed. Data were analyzed using Chi-square tests and binary logistic regression. The majority of respondents were aged 35–60 years (56.2%), female (69.1%), and had a duration of diabetes mellitus (DM) of &amp;lt;5 years (71.6%). 75.3% of respondents showed signs of Neuropathy, with the most common symptoms being dry and cracked skin on the feet (93.1%), muscle cramps (75.9%), and numbness (74.1%). No active ulcers were found (0%), and none had a previous diagnosis of Neuropathy. Bivariate analysis showed that age (p=0.004), duration of diabetes mellitus (p=0.030), and random blood sugar (p=0.000) were significantly associated with NPD. Logistic regression identified hyperglycemia (AOR=6.50; 95% CI = 2.65–15.85) and age ≥35 years (AOR=2.16; 95% CI 1.12–4.28) as independent predictors of NPD (Nagelkerke R²=0.27). Peripheral Neuropathy was highly prevalent even among patients with a short diabetes duration and had not been clinically diagnosed previously.</dc:description>
	<dc:publisher xml:lang="en">Universitas Negeri Semarang in collaboration with Ikatan Ahli Kesehatan Masyarakat Indonesia (IAKMI Tingkat Pusat) and Jejaring Nasional Pendidikan Kesehatan (JNPK)</dc:publisher>
	<dc:date>2026-07-09</dc:date>
	<dc:type>info:eu-repo/semantics/article</dc:type>
	<dc:type>info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion</dc:type>
	<dc:type xml:lang="en">Peer-reviewed Article</dc:type>
	<dc:format>application/pdf</dc:format>
	<dc:identifier>https://journal.unnes.ac.id/journals/kemas/article/view/38336</dc:identifier>
	<dc:identifier>10.15294/kemas.v21i4.38336</dc:identifier>
	<dc:source xml:lang="en">Jurnal Kesehatan Masyarakat; Vol. 21 No. 4 (2026); 862-872</dc:source>
	<dc:source>2355-3596</dc:source>
	<dc:source>1858-1196</dc:source>
	<dc:source>10.15294/kemas.v21i4</dc:source>
	<dc:language>eng</dc:language>
	<dc:relation>https://journal.unnes.ac.id/journals/kemas/article/view/38336/10547</dc:relation>
	<dc:rights xml:lang="en">Copyright (c) 2026 Jurnal Kesehatan Masyarakat</dc:rights>
</oai_dc:dc>