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Routine Biomarkers for COVID-19 Mortality Prediction in Low-Resource Settings

Jurnal Kesehatan Masyarakat · Vol. 22 No. 1 (2026) · hlm. 218–230

DOI
10.15294/kemas.v22i1.52701
ISSN
2355-3596, 1858-1196
Terbit
2026-09-26
Penerbit
Universitas Negeri Semarang in collaboration with Ikatan Ahli Kesehatan Masyarakat Indonesia (IAKMI Tingkat Pusat) and Jejaring Nasional Pendidikan Kesehatan (JNPK)
Bahasa
eng

Abstrak

COVID-19 has placed a heavy burden on healthcare systems, especially in resource limited settings where simple and affordable tools are needed to identify patients at high risk of death. This study aimed to evaluate routine laboratory biomarkers associated with mortality among hospitalized COVID-19 patients. A retrospective cohort study was conducted using medical records of 199 adult patients with RT-PCR-confirmed COVID-19 who were admitted to Sultan Agung Islamic Hospital, Semarang, Indonesia, between December 2020 and August 2021. Patients were selected using consecutive sampling. Hematological, inflammatory, coagulation, and virological parameters measured at admission were analyzed. Differences between survivors and non-survivors were assessed using Chi-square and Mann–Whitney tests, followed by logistic regression analysis to identify independent predictors of mortality. Of the 199 patients, 156 (78.4%) survived. and 43 (21.6%) died. Non-survivors had significantly higher neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio, monocyte-to-lymphocyte ratio, platelet-to- lymphocyte ratio, C-reactive protein, and D-dimer levels, while lymphocyte, monocyte, and basophil counts were significantly lower (p<0.05). Lymphopenia was the strongest independent predictor of mortality (aOR=4.263; 95%CI=1.661–10.945; p=0.003). Routine laboratory parameters, particularly lymphocyte count, may help identify high-risk patients and support early clinical decision-making in resource-limited hospitals.

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  • Sultan Agung Islamic University
  • Organisasi berbeda
  • Organisasi sama
  • Afiliasi tidak diketahui
  • Garis lebih tebal = lebih banyak artikel bersama · lingkaran lebih besar = lebih banyak artikel
Tampilkan sebagai tabel
Rekan penulisOrganisasiArtikel bersama
Hadi SarosaSultan Agung Islamic University1
Atina HussaanaSultan Agung Islamic University1
Chodidjah ChodidjahSultan Agung Islamic University1
Ulfah Dian IndrayaniSultan Agung Islamic University1
Bagas WidiyantoSultan Agung Islamic University1

Afiliasi berasal dari OpenAlex; metadata OAI-PMH jurnal tidak memuatnya. Penulis tanpa ID OpenAlex dicocokkan berdasarkan nama, sehingga dua orang bisa tergabung atau satu orang bisa terpisah.

Sumber metadata: OAI-PMH (metadata jurnal) https://journal.unnes.ac.id/journals/kemas/oai, pertama di-harvest 6 Nov 2026, terakhir terlihat 8 Nov 2026.
Metadata asli (oai_dc) 
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	<dc:title xml:lang="en">Routine Biomarkers for COVID-19 Mortality Prediction in Low-Resource Settings</dc:title>
	<dc:creator xml:lang="en">Pertiwi, Danis</dc:creator>
	<dc:creator xml:lang="en">Rahayu</dc:creator>
	<dc:creator xml:lang="en">Aulia, Andina Putri</dc:creator>
	<dc:creator xml:lang="en">Nisa, Maritsatun</dc:creator>
	<dc:creator xml:lang="en">Endang Lestari</dc:creator>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en">COVID-19; Cycle Threshold Value; D-Dimer; Leukocyte; Platelet</dc:subject>
	<dc:description xml:lang="en">COVID-19 has placed a heavy burden on healthcare systems, especially in resource limited settings where simple and affordable tools are needed to identify patients at high risk of death. This study aimed to evaluate routine laboratory biomarkers associated with mortality among hospitalized COVID-19 patients. A retrospective cohort study was conducted using medical records of 199 adult patients with RT-PCR-confirmed COVID-19 who were admitted to Sultan Agung Islamic Hospital, Semarang, Indonesia, between December 2020 and August 2021. Patients were selected using consecutive sampling. Hematological, inflammatory, coagulation, and virological parameters measured at admission were analyzed. Differences between survivors and non-survivors were assessed using Chi-square and Mann–Whitney tests, followed by logistic regression analysis to identify independent predictors of mortality. Of the 199 patients, 156 (78.4%) survived. and 43 (21.6%) died. Non-survivors had significantly higher neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio, monocyte-to-lymphocyte ratio, platelet-to- lymphocyte ratio, C-reactive protein, and D-dimer levels, while lymphocyte, monocyte, and basophil counts were significantly lower (p&amp;lt;0.05). Lymphopenia was the strongest independent predictor of mortality (aOR=4.263; 95%CI=1.661–10.945; p=0.003). Routine laboratory parameters, particularly lymphocyte count, may help identify high-risk patients and support early clinical decision-making in resource-limited hospitals.</dc:description>
	<dc:publisher xml:lang="en">Universitas Negeri Semarang in collaboration with Ikatan Ahli Kesehatan Masyarakat Indonesia (IAKMI Tingkat Pusat) and Jejaring Nasional Pendidikan Kesehatan (JNPK)</dc:publisher>
	<dc:date>2026-09-26</dc:date>
	<dc:type>info:eu-repo/semantics/article</dc:type>
	<dc:type>info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion</dc:type>
	<dc:type xml:lang="en">Peer-reviewed Article</dc:type>
	<dc:format>application/pdf</dc:format>
	<dc:identifier>https://journal.unnes.ac.id/journals/kemas/article/view/52701</dc:identifier>
	<dc:identifier>10.15294/kemas.v22i1.52701</dc:identifier>
	<dc:source xml:lang="en">Jurnal Kesehatan Masyarakat; Vol. 22 No. 1 (2026); 218 - 230</dc:source>
	<dc:source>2355-3596</dc:source>
	<dc:source>1858-1196</dc:source>
	<dc:source>10.15294/kemas.v22i1</dc:source>
	<dc:language>eng</dc:language>
	<dc:relation>https://journal.unnes.ac.id/journals/kemas/article/view/52701/11542</dc:relation>
	<dc:rights xml:lang="en">Copyright (c) 2026 Jurnal Kesehatan Masyarakat</dc:rights>
</oai_dc:dc>