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Error Analysis of Word Order in Mandarin Sentences by Beginner Learners: A Case Study of First-Year Students at The State University of Makassar

Longda Xiaokan: Journal of Mandarin Learning and Teaching · Vol. 9 No. 1 (2026) · hlm. 51–59

DOI
10.15294/longdaxiaokan.v9i1.49013
ISSN
2715-1611, 2528-5734
Terbit
2026-06-09
Penerbit
Universitas Negeri Semarang
Bahasa
eng

Abstrak

This study aims to analyze the types and frequency of word order errors in Mandarin sentences made by beginner learners. The data were obtained from written tests completed by 17 first-year students of the Mandarin Language Education Study Program at the State University of Makassar. The test consisted of 10 questions in two formats: (1) arranging scrambled words into grammatically correct sentences, and (2) translating Indonesian sentences into Mandarin. The results indicate that word order errors primarily occurred in five aspects, namely: (1) the placement of temporal adverbs, frequency adverbs, and interrogative words; (2) the position of resultative/aspectual complements; (3) the order of serial verbs; (4) the use of degree adverbs; and (5) the structure of numerals with classifiers. These errors were attributed to interference from the more flexible word order of the Indonesian language, as well as the students' insufficient understanding of Mandarin syntactic rules. These findings highlight the need for a systematic emphasis on learning sentence structures. The implications of this research are expected to serve as a foundation for formulating more effective teaching strategies for Mandarin sentence patterns for beginner learners.

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25 penulis · 44 tautan kepenulisan bersama · 19 lintas organisasi

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  • State University of Semarang
  • Gunadarma University
  • Hasanuddin University
  • State University of Makassar
  • Universitas Airlangga
  • Universitas Veteran Republik Indonesia Makassar
  • Nanchang University
  • Organisasi berbeda
  • Organisasi sama
  • Afiliasi tidak diketahui
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Rekan penulisOrganisasiArtikel bersama
Dian Yuni PamujiState University of Semarang5
Almira AgwinandaState University of Semarang4
Sheyra Silvia SiregarState University of Semarang4
Fatmawati - FatmawatiGunadarma University2
Mirah AzizahState University of Makassar2
Vitrianti Della ParmawatiState University of Semarang1
Wastri PebrianiGunadarma University1
Fatmawati FatmawatiUniversitas Airlangga1
Hukmawati HukmawatiGunadarma University1
Kezia Yansen PasangGunadarma University1
SukmaHasanuddin University1
Andi Filsah MuslimatHasanuddin University1
Sheyla Silvia SiregarState University of Semarang1
Ayudhia Ratna WijayaState University of Semarang1
Hasria RiskiUniversitas Veteran Republik Indonesia Makassar1
Elvira SeptevanyNanchang University1
Fatmawati FatmawatiGunadarma University1
Dian Sari Unga WaruHasanuddin University1
Laeli FajriyahState University of Semarang1
Pratama Priya PambudiState University of Semarang1
Ridwan ListiantoState University of Semarang1
Sheila Maharani Tofina PutriState University of Semarang1
Ajeng Mutiara ChahyaningtyasState University of Semarang1

Afiliasi berasal dari OpenAlex; metadata OAI-PMH jurnal tidak memuatnya. Penulis tanpa ID OpenAlex dicocokkan berdasarkan nama, sehingga dua orang bisa tergabung atau satu orang bisa terpisah.

Sumber metadata: OAI-PMH (metadata jurnal) https://journal.unnes.ac.id/journals/longdaxiaokan/oai, pertama di-harvest 6 Nov 2026, terakhir terlihat 8 Nov 2026.
Metadata asli (oai_dc) 
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	<dc:title xml:lang="en">Error Analysis of Word Order in Mandarin Sentences by Beginner Learners: A Case Study of First-Year Students at The State University of Makassar</dc:title>
	<dc:creator xml:lang="en">Nahnu, Asmuliyati</dc:creator>
	<dc:creator xml:lang="en">Marsuki, Ria Riski</dc:creator>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en">error analysis; word order; Chinese language</dc:subject>
	<dc:description xml:lang="en">This study aims to analyze the types and frequency of word order errors in Mandarin sentences made by beginner learners. The data were obtained from written tests completed by 17 first-year students of the Mandarin Language Education Study Program at the State University of Makassar. The test consisted of 10 questions in two formats: (1) arranging scrambled words into grammatically correct sentences, and (2) translating Indonesian sentences into Mandarin. The results indicate that word order errors primarily occurred in five aspects, namely: (1) the placement of temporal adverbs, frequency adverbs, and interrogative words; (2) the position of resultative/aspectual complements; (3) the order of serial verbs; (4) the use of degree adverbs; and (5) the structure of numerals with classifiers. These errors were attributed to interference from the more flexible word order of the Indonesian language, as well as the students' insufficient understanding of Mandarin syntactic rules. These findings highlight the need for a systematic emphasis on learning sentence structures. The implications of this research are expected to serve as a foundation for formulating more effective teaching strategies for Mandarin sentence patterns for beginner learners. </dc:description>
	<dc:publisher xml:lang="en">Universitas Negeri Semarang</dc:publisher>
	<dc:date>2026-06-09</dc:date>
	<dc:type>info:eu-repo/semantics/article</dc:type>
	<dc:type>info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion</dc:type>
	<dc:type xml:lang="en">Peer-reviewed Article</dc:type>
	<dc:format>application/pdf</dc:format>
	<dc:identifier>https://journal.unnes.ac.id/journals/longdaxiaokan/article/view/49013</dc:identifier>
	<dc:identifier>10.15294/longdaxiaokan.v9i1.49013</dc:identifier>
	<dc:source xml:lang="en">Longda Xiaokan: Journal of Mandarin Learning and Teaching; Vol. 9 No. 1 (2026); 51-59</dc:source>
	<dc:source>2715-1611</dc:source>
	<dc:source>2528-5734</dc:source>
	<dc:source>10.15294/longdaxiaokan.v9i1</dc:source>
	<dc:language>eng</dc:language>
	<dc:relation>https://journal.unnes.ac.id/journals/longdaxiaokan/article/view/49013/9791</dc:relation>
	<dc:rights xml:lang="en">Copyright (c) 2026 Longda Xiaokan: Journal of Mandarin Learning and Teaching</dc:rights>
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