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The Urgency of Legal Profession Regulation Amidst The Integration of Artificial Intelligence

Lex Scientia Law Review · Vol. 9 No. 2 (2025) · hlm. 1484–1516

DOI
10.15294/lslr.v9i2.26448
ISSN
2598-9685, 2598-9677
Terbit
2025-11-17
Penerbit
Universitas Negeri Semarang
Bahasa
eng
Lisensi
creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0

Abstrak

Artificial Intelligence (AI) is reshaping the legal profession by enhancing research speed, document review, and case analysis. Yet, its integration also raises pressing concerns over accountability, data privacy, and ethical standards. This study addresses the research problem: How should Indonesia regulate AI in law to balance innovation with justice and human rights? Three guiding questions inform the analysis: (1) What is the extent of AI adoption by Indonesian legal practitioners? (2) What legal and ethical risks arise? (3) What regulatory responses are most suitable for Indonesia’s plural legal context? Adopting a socio-legal methodology, data were collected through literature review, in-depth interviews, and an online survey of 102 practitioners. Findings show that 38% of respondents currently use AI tools, mainly for legal drafting and research, but skepticism persists. Advocates in Semarang reported errors in AI-generated contracts, illustrating unresolved accountability gaps under existing laws. Judges highlighted risks of bias and opacity if AI expands into case management without safeguards. The novelty of this research lies in its empirical evidence: it is the first Indonesian study to combine practitioner perspectives with regulatory analysis, moving beyond conceptual debates. By linking adoption patterns to deficiencies in the ITE Law, PDP Law, and PERMA No. 1/2019, the study reveals concrete vulnerabilities in legal practice. The study concludes that interim sectoral measures such as PERADI guidelines and judicial ethics updates are urgently needed while developing a comprehensive AI law. Responsible governance is essential to ensure AI strengthens, rather than undermines, fairness, transparency, and the rule of law.

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  • State University of Semarang
  • Universitas Negeri Surabaya
  • Université de Caen Normandie
  • Indonesia University of Education
  • Universiti Muhammadiyah Malaysia
  • Dokuz Eylül University
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  • Organisasi berbeda
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Rekan penulisOrganisasiArtikel bersama
Budi Tri SantosoIndonesia University of Education2
Inge Widya Pangestika PratomoState University of Semarang2
Nida Nur HidayahState University of Semarang2
Sabri BannaState University of Semarang2
Ellectrananda Anugerah Ash-ShidiqqiUniversitas Negeri Surabaya1
Dwiputra AritenesaState University of Semarang1
Mutiara Dwi SariUniversiti Muhammadiyah Malaysia1
Nabilla Desyalika PutriUniversitas Negeri Surabaya1
Arif HidayatState University of Semarang1
Rindia Fanny KusmaningtyasAfiliasi tidak diketahui1
Gabrielle Poetri SoebiaktoState University of Semarang1
Ahmad Fauzan PermanaDokuz Eylül University1
Vincentius Pieter Noehveltino Bonitu SuriState University of Semarang1

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Sumber metadata: OAI-PMH (metadata jurnal) https://journal.unnes.ac.id/journals/lslr/oai, pertama di-harvest 6 Nov 2026, terakhir terlihat 8 Nov 2026.
Metadata asli (oai_dc) 
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	<dc:title xml:lang="en">The Urgency of Legal Profession Regulation Amidst The Integration of Artificial Intelligence</dc:title>
	<dc:creator xml:lang="en">Setiawan, Andry</dc:creator>
	<dc:creator xml:lang="en">Kusumaningtyas, Rindia Fanny</dc:creator>
	<dc:creator xml:lang="en">Widyastuti, Afifah</dc:creator>
	<dc:creator xml:lang="en">Abdullah, Ibadurrahman Hanan </dc:creator>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Artificial Intelligence</dc:subject>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Data Security</dc:subject>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Ethics</dc:subject>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Legal Profession</dc:subject>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Regulation</dc:subject>
	<dc:description xml:lang="en">Artificial Intelligence (AI) is reshaping the legal profession by enhancing research speed, document review, and case analysis. Yet, its integration also raises pressing concerns over accountability, data privacy, and ethical standards. This study addresses the research problem: How should Indonesia regulate AI in law to balance innovation with justice and human rights? Three guiding questions inform the analysis: (1) What is the extent of AI adoption by Indonesian legal practitioners? (2) What legal and ethical risks arise? (3) What regulatory responses are most suitable for Indonesia’s plural legal context? Adopting a socio-legal methodology, data were collected through literature review, in-depth interviews, and an online survey of 102 practitioners. Findings show that 38% of respondents currently use AI tools, mainly for legal drafting and research, but skepticism persists. Advocates in Semarang reported errors in AI-generated contracts, illustrating unresolved accountability gaps under existing laws. Judges highlighted risks of bias and opacity if AI expands into case management without safeguards. The novelty of this research lies in its empirical evidence: it is the first Indonesian study to combine practitioner perspectives with regulatory analysis, moving beyond conceptual debates. By linking adoption patterns to deficiencies in the ITE Law, PDP Law, and PERMA No. 1/2019, the study reveals concrete vulnerabilities in legal practice. The study concludes that interim sectoral measures such as PERADI guidelines and judicial ethics updates are urgently needed while developing a comprehensive AI law. Responsible governance is essential to ensure AI strengthens, rather than undermines, fairness, transparency, and the rule of law.</dc:description>
	<dc:publisher xml:lang="en">Universitas Negeri Semarang</dc:publisher>
	<dc:date>2025-11-17</dc:date>
	<dc:type>info:eu-repo/semantics/article</dc:type>
	<dc:type>info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion</dc:type>
	<dc:format>application/pdf</dc:format>
	<dc:identifier>https://journal.unnes.ac.id/journals/lslr/article/view/26448</dc:identifier>
	<dc:identifier>10.15294/lslr.v9i2.26448</dc:identifier>
	<dc:source xml:lang="en">Lex Scientia Law Review; Vol. 9 No. 2 (2025): November, 2025: Law, Policy, and Governance in Contemporary Socio-Economic Transformation; 1484-1516</dc:source>
	<dc:source>2598-9685</dc:source>
	<dc:source>2598-9677</dc:source>
	<dc:source>10.15294/lslr.v9i2</dc:source>
	<dc:language>eng</dc:language>
	<dc:relation>https://journal.unnes.ac.id/journals/lslr/article/view/26448/7293</dc:relation>
	<dc:rights xml:lang="en">Copyright (c) 2025 Andry Setiawan, Rindia Fanny Kusumaningtyas, Afifah Widyastuti, Ibadurrahman Hanan Abdullah (Author)</dc:rights>
	<dc:rights xml:lang="en">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0</dc:rights>
</oai_dc:dc>