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Navigating “Second-Class” Citizenship: Minority Perceptions of the “Gospel City” Regulation in Manokwari

Lex Scientia Law Review · Vol. 10 No. 1 (2026) · hlm. 465–492

DOI
10.15294/lslr.v10i1.47364
ISSN
2598-9685, 2598-9677
Terbit
2026-06-30
Penerbit
Universitas Negeri Semarang
Bahasa
eng
Lisensi
creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0

Abstrak

This article examines the implications of Manokwari Regency Regulation No. 3 of 2018 concerning the Arrangement of Manokwari as a Gospel City (Penataan Manokwari sebagai Daerah Injil) for the civil rights of religious minorities and explores how religion-related regional regulations can be formulated to strengthen national integration. Drawing on the theories of symbolic legislation, legal pluralism, and accommodative leadership, the study employs a qualitative descriptive-analytical approach based on in-depth interviews with Muslim, Hindu, and Buddhist religious leaders in Manokwari. The findings reveal a paradoxical relationship between symbolic law and social reality. At the symbolic level, many minority respondents perceive the regulation as privileging a particular religious identity and raising concerns regarding equality, recognition, and religious freedom. However, its practical impact on the everyday lives of minority communities remains limited. This is largely because the most restrictive provisions contained in earlier drafts were removed, no implementing regulations were subsequently issued, and the regulation's effects have been moderated by local mechanisms of coexistence. The study highlights the importance of the Satu Tungku Tiga Batu philosophy, customary authority, and accommodative local leadership in sustaining interreligious harmony and mitigating the potential exclusionary effects of formal law. The article argues that the Manokwari case illustrates the limits of symbolic legislation in shaping social relations within a plural society. It concludes that the protection of minority rights and the strengthening of national integration are more likely to be achieved through inclusive, non-discriminatory, and substantively oriented regulations that accommodate legal and cultural diversity rather than through the formal affirmation of a single religious identity.

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  • Universitas Halu Oleo
  • State University of Semarang
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Suhadi SuhadiAfiliasi tidak diketahui6
Irawaty IrawatyUniversitas Halu Oleo5
Sudijono SastroatmodjoAfiliasi tidak diketahui4
Dina Silvia PuteriAfiliasi tidak diketahui3
Ayup Suran NingsihAfiliasi tidak diketahui3
Asmarani RamliAfiliasi tidak diketahui2
Zahra MauludinaAfiliasi tidak diketahui2
Brian MarcelinoAfiliasi tidak diketahui2
Choirunnisa AdleaAfiliasi tidak diketahui2
Syatriawan LaguraAfiliasi tidak diketahui2
Dewi SulistianingsihState University of Semarang2
I Made Widia Wirya PutraAfiliasi tidak diketahui2
Ridwan ArifinAfiliasi tidak diketahui2
Imam BaehaqieAfiliasi tidak diketahui1
IsnaniAfiliasi tidak diketahui1
Ardi Sirajudin RaufAfiliasi tidak diketahui1
Lucky Andinna SantyokoAfiliasi tidak diketahui1
Muhammad RidhaAfiliasi tidak diketahui1
Martitah MartitahAfiliasi tidak diketahui1
Elyna Noor Dina NazlaAfiliasi tidak diketahui1
Yurida Zakky UmamiAfiliasi tidak diketahui1
Sartono SahlanAfiliasi tidak diketahui1
Bayangsari WedhatamiAfiliasi tidak diketahui1
Fendi Setyo HarmokoAfiliasi tidak diketahui1
AYON DINIYANTOAfiliasi tidak diketahui1
Isnani IsnaniAfiliasi tidak diketahui1
Ratih DamayantiAfiliasi tidak diketahui1
Feiruz Rachmita AlamsyahAfiliasi tidak diketahui1
Muhammad Azil MasykurAfiliasi tidak diketahui1
Ali Masyhar MursyidAfiliasi tidak diketahui1
Rendy Razie HendrawanAfiliasi tidak diketahui1
Roziya AbuAfiliasi tidak diketahui1
TRI ANDARI DAHLANAfiliasi tidak diketahui1
Fezer TamasAfiliasi tidak diketahui1
Wara Dyah Pita RenggaAfiliasi tidak diketahui1

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Sumber metadata: OAI-PMH (metadata jurnal) https://journal.unnes.ac.id/journals/lslr/oai, pertama di-harvest 6 Nov 2026, terakhir terlihat 6 Nov 2026.
Metadata asli (oai_dc) 
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	<dc:title xml:lang="en">Navigating “Second-Class” Citizenship: Minority Perceptions of the “Gospel City” Regulation in Manokwari</dc:title>
	<dc:creator xml:lang="en">Dani Muhtada</dc:creator>
	<dc:creator xml:lang="en">Kurniawan, Dwi Wisnu</dc:creator>
	<dc:creator xml:lang="en">Alkhair, Rayyan</dc:creator>
	<dc:creator xml:lang="en">Fatahillah, Javandalas Nanda Yasser</dc:creator>
	<dc:creator xml:lang="en">Amal, Andi Gazly Satrya</dc:creator>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Civil Rights</dc:subject>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Gospel City Regulation</dc:subject>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Local Wisdom</dc:subject>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Minority Groups</dc:subject>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Religious Legislation</dc:subject>
	<dc:description xml:lang="en">This article examines the implications of Manokwari Regency Regulation No. 3 of 2018 concerning the Arrangement of Manokwari as a Gospel City (Penataan Manokwari sebagai Daerah Injil) for the civil rights of religious minorities and explores how religion-related regional regulations can be formulated to strengthen national integration. Drawing on the theories of symbolic legislation, legal pluralism, and accommodative leadership, the study employs a qualitative descriptive-analytical approach based on in-depth interviews with Muslim, Hindu, and Buddhist religious leaders in Manokwari. The findings reveal a paradoxical relationship between symbolic law and social reality. At the symbolic level, many minority respondents perceive the regulation as privileging a particular religious identity and raising concerns regarding equality, recognition, and religious freedom. However, its practical impact on the everyday lives of minority communities remains limited. This is largely because the most restrictive provisions contained in earlier drafts were removed, no implementing regulations were subsequently issued, and the regulation's effects have been moderated by local mechanisms of coexistence. The study highlights the importance of the Satu Tungku Tiga Batu philosophy, customary authority, and accommodative local leadership in sustaining interreligious harmony and mitigating the potential exclusionary effects of formal law. The article argues that the Manokwari case illustrates the limits of symbolic legislation in shaping social relations within a plural society. It concludes that the protection of minority rights and the strengthening of national integration are more likely to be achieved through inclusive, non-discriminatory, and substantively oriented regulations that accommodate legal and cultural diversity rather than through the formal affirmation of a single religious identity.</dc:description>
	<dc:publisher xml:lang="en">Universitas Negeri Semarang</dc:publisher>
	<dc:date>2026-06-30</dc:date>
	<dc:type>info:eu-repo/semantics/article</dc:type>
	<dc:type>info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion</dc:type>
	<dc:format>application/pdf</dc:format>
	<dc:identifier>https://journal.unnes.ac.id/journals/lslr/article/view/47364</dc:identifier>
	<dc:identifier>10.15294/lslr.v10i1.47364</dc:identifier>
	<dc:source xml:lang="en">Lex Scientia Law Review; Vol. 10 No. 1 (2026): Legal Reform, Human Rights Protection, and Judicial Innovation in Contemporary Era; 465-492</dc:source>
	<dc:source>2598-9685</dc:source>
	<dc:source>2598-9677</dc:source>
	<dc:source>10.15294/lslr.v10i1</dc:source>
	<dc:language>eng</dc:language>
	<dc:relation>https://journal.unnes.ac.id/journals/lslr/article/view/47364/10461</dc:relation>
	<dc:rights xml:lang="en">Copyright (c) 2026 Dani Muhtada (Author)</dc:rights>
	<dc:rights xml:lang="en">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0</dc:rights>
</oai_dc:dc>