Jurnal
Optimization of Water-in-Biodiesel Emulsification of Palm Oil by Ultrasonic Method using Respons Surface Methodology
Rekayasa · Vol. 23 No. 1 (2025) · hlm. 1–16
- ISSN
- 2527-6964, 0216-6631
- Terbit
- 2025-07-31
- Penerbit
- Universitas Negeri Semarang
- Bahasa
- eng
Abstrak
Palm oil biodiesel offers a renewable alternative but has high viscosity and density. Emulsifying biodiesel with water reduces these drawbacks and lowers nitrogen oxide (NOx) emissions. This study aims to optimize the emulsification process of water-in-biodiesel emulsion made from palm biodiesel (B100) using an indirect ultrasonic method and the response surface methodology approach with a Box-Behnken design. Three main independent variables were examined: hydrophilic-lipophilic balance values (6, 7.5, and 9), water concentrations (9%, 12%, and 15% v/v), and surfactant concentrations (5%, 7%, and 9% v/v) with a combination of Tween 80 and Span 80 as surfactants. The experimental process involves the synthesis of biodiesel from palm oil through transesterification with the help of 100W ultrasonic power for 15 minutes at room temperature. The analysis was carried out on three main parameters: density, viscosity, and water droplet size on water-in-biodiesel. The results of laboratory tests and statistical modeling show the three independent variables have a significant effect on the physical properties of water-in-biodiesel. The optimization resulted in the best conditions at a hydrophilic-lipophilic balance value of 6.11, water concentration of 9.06%, and surfactant concentration of 5%, with density characteristics of 859.95 kg/m³, kinematic viscosity of 4.44 mm²/s, and average water particle size of 4.46 μm, values close to conventional diesel fuel standards. This study confirms that the indirect ultrasonic method and respons surface methodology-based optimization are effective in improving the performance and character of water-in-biodiesel, potentially becoming a reference for the development of environmentally friendly renewable energy based on palm oil.
Kata kunci
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40 penulis · 131 tautan kepenulisan bersama · 21 lintas organisasi · menampilkan 40 yang paling banyak terhubung
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- State University of Semarang
- Universiti Teknologi MARA
- Universitas Gadjah Mada
- National Research and Innovation Agency
- International Islamic University Malaysia
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- Organisasi berbeda
- Organisasi sama
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Tampilkan sebagai tabel
| Rekan penulis | Organisasi | Artikel bersama |
|---|---|---|
| Haniif Prasetiawan | State University of Semarang | 6 |
| Fazlena Hamzah | Universiti Teknologi MARA | 5 |
| Rozana Azrina Sazali | Universiti Teknologi MARA | 4 |
| Dhoni Hartanto | State University of Semarang | 4 |
| Miradatul Najwa Muhd Rodhi | Universiti Teknologi MARA | 4 |
| Harianingsih Harianingsih | State University of Semarang | 2 |
| Arief Taufik Budiman | Universitas Gadjah Mada | 2 |
| Moch Faizal Rachmadi | State University of Semarang | 2 |
| Zuhriyan Ash Shiddieqy Bahlawan | State University of Semarang | 2 |
| Nadya Alfa Cahaya Imani | State University of Semarang | 2 |
| Reni Ainun Jannah | State University of Semarang | 2 |
| Rizky Ichwan | State University of Semarang | 2 |
| Syifa Azzahra Putri Solihin | State University of Semarang | 2 |
| Fariq Hammam Firmansyah | State University of Semarang | 1 |
| Isnina Noor Ubay | State University of Semarang | 1 |
| Widi Astuti | Afiliasi tidak diketahui | 1 |
| Muhammad Rizky Fahrizal Putra | Afiliasi tidak diketahui | 1 |
| Ahmad Rickyansyah Nurrahman | Afiliasi tidak diketahui | 1 |
| Annisa Putri Salsabila | State University of Semarang | 1 |
| Widya Hary Cahyati | State University of Semarang | 1 |
| Regina Marsha Nathaniela | State University of Semarang | 1 |
| Sultan Aulia Rahmat | State University of Semarang | 1 |
| Wandah Wibawanto | State University of Semarang | 1 |
| Widi Astuti | State University of Semarang | 1 |
| Retno Ayu Wulandari | National Research and Innovation Agency | 1 |
| Asmarani Ahmad Puzi | International Islamic University Malaysia | 1 |
| Ayu Fadilah Wahid | State University of Semarang | 1 |
| Evi Widowati | State University of Semarang | 1 |
| Ummi Nur Laila Sulistyani | State University of Semarang | 1 |
| Aza Putri Anisa | State University of Semarang | 1 |
| Fitra Aulia Rahma | State University of Semarang | 1 |
| Rahimsyah Ijas Nur Rasyid | State University of Semarang | 1 |
| Latifatun Ni’mahv | State University of Semarang | 1 |
| Artanti Estiningtyas | State University of Semarang | 1 |
| Indah Cahyani Puspitaningrum | State University of Semarang | 1 |
| Siti Ajeng Muslimah | State University of Semarang | 1 |
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