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Density–Porosity Interplay in Epoxy‑Based Syntactic Foams Reinforced with K15 Glass‑Silica Microballoons

Sainteknol : Jurnal Sains dan Teknologi · Vol. 23 No. 2 (2025) · hlm. 58–63

DOI
10.15294/sainteknol.v23i2.23886
ISSN
2527-3604, 0216-4566
Terbit
2025-12-31
Penerbit
Universitas Negeri Semarang
Bahasa
eng

Abstrak

Syntactic foam is a lightweight, high‑strength composite consisting of a polymer matrix filled with hollow microspheres (microballoons). This study examines how the volume fraction of glass‑clad silica microballoons K15 (10–50 vol %) affects the density, porosity, and void distribution of epoxy‑bonded syntactic foams. Specimens were molded in accordance with ASTM D790, conditioned for 48 h (23 ± 2 °C; 50 ± 5 % RH), and their density was measured by the pycnometric method specified in ASTM D792. Porosity was calculated theoretically and validated by SEM–EDS imaging of fracture cross‑sections. Results show a linear decrease in density from 1.15 g cm⁻³ (0 vol %) to 0.63 g cm⁻³ (50 vol %), while porosity rises exponentially from 2.7 % to 18.4 %. Morphological analysis confirms a homogeneous microballoon dispersion up to 30 vol %, but agglomeration and interbinder voids appear above 40 vol %, leading to uncontrolled porosity. A strong negative correlation (R² = 0.96) is observed between density and effective porosity. A 30 vol % K15 loading is identified as the optimum, achieving a 28 % density reduction without a significant porosity spike. These findings provide a basis for designing sandwich cores and amphibious flotation structures that require high strength‑to‑weight ratios.

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  • State University of Semarang
  • Universitas Halu Oleo
  • Universitas Islam Negeri Ar-Raniry
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Rekan penulisOrganisasiArtikel bersama
Abdul DjoharAfiliasi tidak diketahui5
Sukmawati AbdullahAfiliasi tidak diketahui5
Samuel JieAfiliasi tidak diketahui4
Mansur MansurAfiliasi tidak diketahui3
Agustinus LolokAfiliasi tidak diketahui2
Muhammad Nadzirin Anshari NurAfiliasi tidak diketahui2
Gamal Abdul NasserAfiliasi tidak diketahui2
Rosmawati RosmawatiAfiliasi tidak diketahui2
Gamal A NasserAfiliasi tidak diketahui2
Sarawa MammaUniversitas Halu Oleo2
Abdul JoharAfiliasi tidak diketahui2
Wardi WardiState University of Semarang1
Muslim TadjuddahAfiliasi tidak diketahui1
Nur Isiyana WiantiAfiliasi tidak diketahui1
Tjandra BuanaAfiliasi tidak diketahui1
Suriana SurianaUniversitas Islam Negeri Ar-Raniry1
Yani TaufikAfiliasi tidak diketahui1
Ima Astuty WunawarsihAfiliasi tidak diketahui1
Hartina BatoaAfiliasi tidak diketahui1
Awaluddin HamzahUniversitas Halu Oleo1
Darsilan DimaAfiliasi tidak diketahui1
Rahayu Endah PurwantiAfiliasi tidak diketahui1
Yoenita JayadisastraAfiliasi tidak diketahui1
Tambi TambiAfiliasi tidak diketahui1
Alimin AliminAfiliasi tidak diketahui1
Sahabuddin HayUniversitas Halu Oleo1
La Ode Ali ImranAfiliasi tidak diketahui1
Alimin AliminAfiliasi tidak diketahui1
Samuel JieUniversitas Halu Oleo1
Mustarum MusaruddinUniversitas Halu Oleo1
Muhammad Ihsan SaritaUniversitas Halu Oleo1
Gamal Abdel NasserUniversitas Halu Oleo1
L. DaudAfiliasi tidak diketahui1
Tri Joko RaharjoState University of Semarang1
Harianingsih HarianingsihState University of Semarang1

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Sumber metadata: OAI-PMH (metadata jurnal) https://journal.unnes.ac.id/journals/sainteknol/oai, pertama di-harvest 6 Nov 2026, terakhir terlihat 8 Nov 2026.
Metadata asli (oai_dc) 
<oai_dc:dc xmlns="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/" xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:oai_dc="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/  http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc.xsd">
	<dc:title xml:lang="en">Density–Porosity Interplay in Epoxy‑Based Syntactic Foams Reinforced with K15 Glass‑Silica Microballoons</dc:title>
	<dc:creator xml:lang="en">Hidyus, Sofi Alifia </dc:creator>
	<dc:creator xml:lang="en">Budiwirawan, Agung</dc:creator>
	<dc:creator xml:lang="en">Musyono, Ari Dwi Nur Indriawan</dc:creator>
	<dc:creator xml:lang="en">Setiadi, Rizky</dc:creator>
	<dc:creator xml:lang="en">Bunyamin, Bunyamin</dc:creator>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en">syntactic foam; hollow glass microspheres; K15 microballoons; density and porosity relationship; epoxy composites; lightweight core materials</dc:subject>
	<dc:description xml:lang="en">Syntactic foam is a lightweight, high‑strength composite consisting of a polymer matrix filled with hollow microspheres (microballoons). This study examines how the volume fraction of glass‑clad silica microballoons K15 (10–50 vol %) affects the density, porosity, and void distribution of epoxy‑bonded syntactic foams. Specimens were molded in accordance with ASTM D790, conditioned for 48 h (23 ± 2 °C; 50  ±  5 % RH), and their density was measured by the pycnometric method specified in ASTM D792. Porosity was calculated theoretically and validated by SEM–EDS imaging of fracture cross‑sections. Results show a linear decrease in density from 1.15 g cm⁻³ (0 vol %) to 0.63 g cm⁻³ (50 vol %), while porosity rises exponentially from 2.7 % to 18.4 %. Morphological analysis confirms a homogeneous microballoon dispersion up to 30 vol %, but agglomeration and interbinder voids appear above 40 vol %, leading to uncontrolled porosity. A strong negative correlation (R² = 0.96) is observed between density and effective porosity. A 30 vol % K15 loading is identified as the optimum, achieving a 28 % density reduction without a significant porosity spike. These findings provide a basis for designing sandwich cores and amphibious flotation structures that require high strength‑to‑weight ratios.</dc:description>
	<dc:publisher xml:lang="en">Universitas Negeri Semarang</dc:publisher>
	<dc:date>2025-12-31</dc:date>
	<dc:type>info:eu-repo/semantics/article</dc:type>
	<dc:type>info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion</dc:type>
	<dc:type xml:lang="en">Peer-reviewed Article</dc:type>
	<dc:format>application/pdf</dc:format>
	<dc:identifier>https://journal.unnes.ac.id/journals/sainteknol/article/view/23886</dc:identifier>
	<dc:identifier>10.15294/sainteknol.v23i2.23886</dc:identifier>
	<dc:source xml:lang="en">Sainteknol : Jurnal Sains dan Teknologi; Vol. 23 No. 2 (2025): December 2025; 58-63</dc:source>
	<dc:source>2527-3604</dc:source>
	<dc:source>0216-4566</dc:source>
	<dc:source>10.15294/sainteknol.v23i2</dc:source>
	<dc:language>eng</dc:language>
	<dc:relation>https://journal.unnes.ac.id/journals/sainteknol/article/view/23886/5660</dc:relation>
	<dc:rights xml:lang="en">Copyright (c) 2025 Sainteknol : Jurnal Sains dan Teknologi</dc:rights>
</oai_dc:dc>