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Synergistic Enhancement of Lignocellulosic Biomass Saccharification via Ultrasound-Assisted Pretreatment with Magnetic Fe₃O₄

Sainteknol : Jurnal Sains dan Teknologi · Vol. 23 No. 2 (2025) · hlm. 75–87

DOI
10.15294/sainteknol.v23i2.41061
ISSN
2527-3604, 0216-4566
Terbit
2025-12-31
Penerbit
Universitas Negeri Semarang
Bahasa
eng

Abstrak

The recalcitrant structure of lignocellulosic biomass necessitates efficient pretreatment strategies to enhance enzymatic saccharification for biofuel production. This study investigates a synergistic approach combining ultrasound irradiation with magnetic Fe₃O₄ for pretreating rice straw. A 2² factorial experimental design was employed to systematically evaluate the individual and combined effects of ultrasound (300 W, 30 min) and Fe₃O₄ addition (1.5 wt%). The combined treatment exhibited a pronounced synergistic effect, achieving 68.3% delignification and reducing the crystallinity index from 52.4% to 31.2%. These structural modifications resulted in a saccharification yield of 72.5%, which was significantly higher than the theoretical additive yield of 48.7% (raw: 18.5%, Fe₃O₄-only: 26.0%, ultrasound-only: 41.2%). SEM observations revealed extensive surface erosion, pore formation, and microfibril exposure after the combined pretreatment, while FTIR analysis confirmed substantial lignin removal. Furthermore, magnetic Fe₃O₄ demonstrated excellent magnetic separability, with a recovery efficiency higher than 95%, and maintained pretreatment performance over five reuse cycles with < 8% reduction in efficacy. Overall, this work presents a green, efficient, and economically promising pretreatment strategy based on synergistic ultrasound–magnetic Fe₃O₄ interactions, offering an effective pathway for enhancing lignocellulosic biomass saccharification and supporting the development of sustainable biorefinery processes.

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Metadata asli (oai_dc) 
<oai_dc:dc xmlns="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/" xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:oai_dc="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/  http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc.xsd">
	<dc:title xml:lang="en">Synergistic Enhancement of Lignocellulosic Biomass Saccharification via Ultrasound-Assisted Pretreatment with Magnetic Fe₃O₄</dc:title>
	<dc:creator xml:lang="en">Hanif Ardhiansyah</dc:creator>
	<dc:creator xml:lang="en">Astrilia Damayanti</dc:creator>
	<dc:creator xml:lang="en">Bahlawan, Zuhriyan Ash Shiddieqy </dc:creator>
	<dc:creator xml:lang="en">Serlia Fitri Sadan</dc:creator>
	<dc:creator xml:lang="en">Nurul Khusna</dc:creator>
	<dc:creator xml:lang="en">Karenina Hakim</dc:creator>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Lignocellulosic biomass</dc:subject>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Ultrasound-assisted pretreatment</dc:subject>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Magnetic Fe₃O₄</dc:subject>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Synergistic effect</dc:subject>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Saccharification</dc:subject>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Biomass valorization</dc:subject>
	<dc:description xml:lang="en">The recalcitrant structure of lignocellulosic biomass necessitates efficient pretreatment strategies to enhance enzymatic saccharification for biofuel production. This study investigates a synergistic approach combining ultrasound irradiation with magnetic Fe₃O₄ for pretreating rice straw. A 2² factorial experimental design was employed to systematically evaluate the individual and combined effects of ultrasound (300 W, 30 min) and Fe₃O₄ addition (1.5 wt%). The combined treatment exhibited a pronounced synergistic effect, achieving 68.3% delignification and reducing the crystallinity index from 52.4% to 31.2%. These structural modifications resulted in a saccharification yield of 72.5%, which was significantly higher than the theoretical additive yield of 48.7% (raw: 18.5%, Fe₃O₄-only: 26.0%, ultrasound-only: 41.2%). SEM observations revealed extensive surface erosion, pore formation, and microfibril exposure after the combined pretreatment, while FTIR analysis confirmed substantial lignin removal. Furthermore, magnetic Fe₃O₄ demonstrated excellent magnetic separability, with a recovery efficiency higher than 95%, and maintained pretreatment performance over five reuse cycles with &amp;lt; 8% reduction in efficacy. Overall, this work presents a green, efficient, and economically promising pretreatment strategy based on synergistic ultrasound–magnetic Fe₃O₄ interactions, offering an effective pathway for enhancing lignocellulosic biomass saccharification and supporting the development of sustainable biorefinery processes.</dc:description>
	<dc:publisher xml:lang="en">Universitas Negeri Semarang</dc:publisher>
	<dc:date>2025-12-31</dc:date>
	<dc:type>info:eu-repo/semantics/article</dc:type>
	<dc:type>info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion</dc:type>
	<dc:type xml:lang="en">Peer-reviewed Article</dc:type>
	<dc:format>application/pdf</dc:format>
	<dc:identifier>https://journal.unnes.ac.id/journals/sainteknol/article/view/41061</dc:identifier>
	<dc:identifier>10.15294/sainteknol.v23i2.41061</dc:identifier>
	<dc:source xml:lang="en">Sainteknol : Jurnal Sains dan Teknologi; Vol. 23 No. 2 (2025): December 2025; 75-87</dc:source>
	<dc:source>2527-3604</dc:source>
	<dc:source>0216-4566</dc:source>
	<dc:source>10.15294/sainteknol.v23i2</dc:source>
	<dc:language>eng</dc:language>
	<dc:relation>https://journal.unnes.ac.id/journals/sainteknol/article/view/41061/8497</dc:relation>
	<dc:rights xml:lang="en">Copyright (c) 2025 Sainteknol : Jurnal Sains dan Teknologi</dc:rights>
</oai_dc:dc>