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Land, Law, and Leniency: Unpacking the Effectiveness of Sanctions in Land-Related Crimes

Law Research Review Quarterly · Vol. 11 No. 3 (2025)

DOI
10.15294/llrq.v11i3.26264
ISSN
2716-3415
Terbit
2025-08-10
Penerbit
Universitas Negeri Semarang
Bahasa
eng

Abstrak

Land disputes are increasingly prevalent in Indonesia, often resulting in significant harm to individuals and communities, particularly in cases of land grabbing. Land grabbing refers to the unlawful occupation or appropriation of land without the owner's consent, which may involve encroachment, falsification of land certificates, or alteration of land boundaries. Such acts constitute criminal offenses under Article 385 of the Indonesian Criminal Code (KUHP). However, enforcement remains weak, and judicial decisions frequently result in disproportionately lenient sentences. This raises serious concerns about the deterrent effect of penal sanctions and the broader implications for land governance. Factors contributing to land grabbing include ignorance or neglect of land ownership rights, speculative practices, and the increasing value of land. This research investigates the effectiveness of penal sanctions in land-related crimes, focusing on lenient sentencing patterns in Indonesian court decisions. Using a normative juridical approach combined with document analysis, this study analyzes Supreme Court decisions over the past decade to assess the extent of sentencing disparities and the lack of clear judicial guidelines. Findings reveal a consistent trend of light punishments that fail to reflect the gravity of the offenses or deter future violations, thereby exacerbating agrarian conflicts and undermining the rule of law. The urgency of this issue lies in the continued vulnerability of rightful landowners and the erosion of public confidence in the legal system. This study contributes to legal reform discourse by recommending the development of clearer sentencing guidelines and more equitable legal frameworks to ensure justice and prevent recurring land crimes in Indonesia.

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  • State University of Semarang
  • Novena University
  • Padjadjaran University
  • National Defence University of Malaysia
  • Dhofar University
  • Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona
  • University of New England
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Rekan penulisOrganisasiArtikel bersama
Anis WidyawatiState University of Semarang8
Riska AlkadriState University of Semarang7
Nadiyah Meyliana PutriState University of Semarang6
Rasdi RasdiState University of Semarang6
Waspiah WaspiahState University of Semarang6
Indah Sri UtariState University of Semarang6
Nurul FibriantiState University of Semarang5
Ali MasyharState University of Semarang5
Septhian Eka AdiyatmaState University of Semarang5
Bayangsari WedhatamiState University of Semarang5
Ngboawaji Daniel NteNovena University5
Muhammad Iqbal BaiquniState University of Semarang5
Riki JuliantoAfiliasi tidak diketahui5
Dian LatifianiState University of Semarang5
Muhammad Wahyu Saiful HudaState University of Semarang4
Syaiful AminState University of Semarang3
R. Benny RiyantoState University of Semarang3
Layla Putri AulyaState University of Semarang3
Asyaffa Ridzqi AmandhaState University of Semarang3
Rodiyah RodiyahState University of Semarang3
Fadhel Arjuna AdindaPadjadjaran University3
Ngaboawaji Daniel NteNovena University3
Zaharuddin Sani Ahmah SabriNational Defence University of Malaysia3
Souad Ahmed EzzeroualiDhofar University3
Valerio SebastianUniversitat Autònoma de Barcelona2
Jeremy Zefanya Yaka ArvanteState University of Semarang2
Maulana Fuad NugrahaState University of Semarang2
Ahmad Zaharuddin Sani Ahmad SabriAfiliasi tidak diketahui2
Robert Brian SmithUniversity of New England2
Zahra Zara MahasinAfiliasi tidak diketahui2
Firqotun NaziahState University of Semarang2
Ubaidillah KamalState University of Semarang2
Adiguna Bagas Waskito AjiAfiliasi tidak diketahui2
Puji WiyatnoState University of Semarang2
Chusnul Qotimah Nita PermataState University of Semarang2
Heni RosidaState University of Semarang2
Rastini RastiniState University of Semarang2
Jaka Bangkit SanjayaState University of Semarang2

Afiliasi berasal dari OpenAlex; metadata OAI-PMH jurnal tidak memuatnya. Penulis tanpa ID OpenAlex dicocokkan berdasarkan nama, sehingga dua orang bisa tergabung atau satu orang bisa terpisah.

Sumber metadata: OAI-PMH (metadata jurnal) https://journal.unnes.ac.id/journals/snh/oai, pertama di-harvest 6 Nov 2026, terakhir terlihat 8 Nov 2026.
Metadata asli (oai_dc) 
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	<dc:title xml:lang="en">Land, Law, and Leniency: Unpacking the Effectiveness of Sanctions in Land-Related Crimes</dc:title>
	<dc:creator xml:lang="en">Suci, Wahyu Wulan</dc:creator>
	<dc:creator xml:lang="en">Arifin, Ridwan</dc:creator>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Land Grabbing</dc:subject>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Penal Sanctions</dc:subject>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Judicial Leniency</dc:subject>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Land Disputes</dc:subject>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Indonesia Legal System</dc:subject>
	<dc:description xml:lang="en">Land disputes are increasingly prevalent in Indonesia, often resulting in significant harm to individuals and communities, particularly in cases of land grabbing. Land grabbing refers to the unlawful occupation or appropriation of land without the owner's consent, which may involve encroachment, falsification of land certificates, or alteration of land boundaries. Such acts constitute criminal offenses under Article 385 of the Indonesian Criminal Code (KUHP). However, enforcement remains weak, and judicial decisions frequently result in disproportionately lenient sentences. This raises serious concerns about the deterrent effect of penal sanctions and the broader implications for land governance. Factors contributing to land grabbing include ignorance or neglect of land ownership rights, speculative practices, and the increasing value of land. This research investigates the effectiveness of penal sanctions in land-related crimes, focusing on lenient sentencing patterns in Indonesian court decisions. Using a normative juridical approach combined with document analysis, this study analyzes Supreme Court decisions over the past decade to assess the extent of sentencing disparities and the lack of clear judicial guidelines. Findings reveal a consistent trend of light punishments that fail to reflect the gravity of the offenses or deter future violations, thereby exacerbating agrarian conflicts and undermining the rule of law. The urgency of this issue lies in the continued vulnerability of rightful landowners and the erosion of public confidence in the legal system. This study contributes to legal reform discourse by recommending the development of clearer sentencing guidelines and more equitable legal frameworks to ensure justice and prevent recurring land crimes in Indonesia.</dc:description>
	<dc:publisher xml:lang="en">Universitas Negeri Semarang</dc:publisher>
	<dc:date>2025-08-10</dc:date>
	<dc:type>info:eu-repo/semantics/article</dc:type>
	<dc:type>info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion</dc:type>
	<dc:format>application/pdf</dc:format>
	<dc:identifier>https://journal.unnes.ac.id/journals/snh/article/view/26264</dc:identifier>
	<dc:identifier>10.15294/llrq.v11i3.26264</dc:identifier>
	<dc:source xml:lang="en">Law Research Review Quarterly; Vol. 11 No. 3 (2025): Various Issues on Law and Development</dc:source>
	<dc:source>2716-3415</dc:source>
	<dc:source>10.15294/llrq.v11i3</dc:source>
	<dc:language>eng</dc:language>
	<dc:relation>https://journal.unnes.ac.id/journals/snh/article/view/26264/5671</dc:relation>
	<dc:rights xml:lang="en">Copyright (c) 2025 Law Research Review Quarterly</dc:rights>
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