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Employment Law in the Digital Age in Regulating Freelance and Remote Workers Through a Comparative Review of Indonesia and Germany

Law Research Review Quarterly · Vol. 12 No. 3 (2026) · hlm. 1269–1289

DOI
10.15294/lrrq.v12i3.44225
ISSN
2716-3415
Terbit
2026-03-06
Penerbit
Universitas Negeri Semarang
Bahasa
eng

Abstrak

The reality of employment relationships in Indonesia today far exceeds what is written in labor laws. The emergence of freelance and remote work trends due to digital technology has collided with laws that still rely on formal recognition. The research method used was normative legal research with a regulatory and comparative law approach. The results of the study point to the weak legal protection for freelance and remote workers, including wages, social security, occupational safety and health, and access to dispute resolution mechanisms. In comparison, German law has implemented an adaptive substantive approach. Employment status is assessed based on factual realities and economic dependence, even recognizing the category of quasi-independent workers (arbeitnehmerähnliche Personen) who receive legal protection. Through this comparison, a protection model based on the reality of employment relationships is more relevant to the current shifts in the world of work. On that basis, Indonesia needs to overhaul its labor law policies. By selectively absorbing German legal principles, Indonesia can build a stronger protective barrier for freelance and remote workers amid rapid digitalization.

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  • State University of Semarang
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Rekan penulisOrganisasiArtikel bersama
Wahyu DwiantoAfiliasi tidak diketahui5
Danang Sudarwoko AdiAfiliasi tidak diketahui4
Rodiyah RodiyahAfiliasi tidak diketahui3
Muhammad Azil MaskurAfiliasi tidak diketahui3
Yusup AminAfiliasi tidak diketahui3
Winarsih WinarsihState University of Semarang2
Mutmainah Nur QoiriAfiliasi tidak diketahui2
Rini FidiyaniAfiliasi tidak diketahui2
Destika Santi Putri SarfitriAfiliasi tidak diketahui2
Jamaluddin Jamal MuhsenAfiliasi tidak diketahui2
Indah Sri UtariAfiliasi tidak diketahui2
Diandra Preludio RamadaAfiliasi tidak diketahui2
Putri Balqis Nuril HakimAfiliasi tidak diketahui2
Ahmad Gelora MahardikaAfiliasi tidak diketahui2
Ali MasyharAfiliasi tidak diketahui2
Fitriani AbdiAfiliasi tidak diketahui2
Salman AlfarisiAfiliasi tidak diketahui2
Bayangsari WedhatamiAfiliasi tidak diketahui2
Cindy Ayu PrasasiAfiliasi tidak diketahui2
Dwi Ajias PramasariAfiliasi tidak diketahui2
Rohmah PariAfiliasi tidak diketahui2
DjarwantoAfiliasi tidak diketahui2
Listya Mustika DewiAfiliasi tidak diketahui2
Raden Gunawan Hadi RahmantoAfiliasi tidak diketahui2
Dyah Ayu AgustiningrumAfiliasi tidak diketahui2
Imran Arra’d SofiantoAfiliasi tidak diketahui2
Adik BahanawanAfiliasi tidak diketahui2
Dimas TriwibowoAfiliasi tidak diketahui2
Teguh DarmawanAfiliasi tidak diketahui2
Martitah MartitahState University of Semarang1
Eko MukmintoState University of Semarang1
Bayangsari WedhatamiState University of Semarang1
Danu IbrahimAfiliasi tidak diketahui1
Julinar Tyara Maharani PasaribuAfiliasi tidak diketahui1
Aqila Acyuta EndrosavaAfiliasi tidak diketahui1
Ubaidillah KamalAfiliasi tidak diketahui1
Nizamuddin AliasAfiliasi tidak diketahui1
Muhammad Azil MasykurAfiliasi tidak diketahui1

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Sumber metadata: OAI-PMH (metadata jurnal) https://journal.unnes.ac.id/journals/snh/oai, pertama di-harvest 6 Nov 2026, terakhir terlihat 8 Nov 2026.
Metadata asli (oai_dc) 
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	<dc:title xml:lang="en">Employment Law in the Digital Age in Regulating Freelance and Remote Workers Through a Comparative Review of Indonesia and Germany</dc:title>
	<dc:creator xml:lang="en">Cahyani, Adinda Intan</dc:creator>
	<dc:creator xml:lang="en">Ratih Damayanti</dc:creator>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Employment Law</dc:subject>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en">freelance workers</dc:subject>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en">remote workers</dc:subject>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en"> legal protection</dc:subject>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en">comparative law</dc:subject>
	<dc:description xml:lang="en">The reality of employment relationships in Indonesia today far exceeds what is written in labor laws. The emergence of freelance and remote work trends due to digital technology has collided with laws that still rely on formal recognition. The research method used was normative legal research with a regulatory and comparative law approach. The results of the study point to the weak legal protection for freelance and remote workers, including wages, social security, occupational safety and health, and access to dispute resolution mechanisms. In comparison, German law has implemented an adaptive substantive approach. Employment status is assessed based on factual realities and economic dependence, even recognizing the category of quasi-independent workers (arbeitnehmerähnliche Personen) who receive legal protection. Through this comparison, a protection model based on the reality of employment relationships is more relevant to the current shifts in the world of work. On that basis, Indonesia needs to overhaul its labor law policies. By selectively absorbing German legal principles, Indonesia can build a stronger protective barrier for freelance and remote workers amid rapid digitalization.</dc:description>
	<dc:publisher xml:lang="en">Universitas Negeri Semarang</dc:publisher>
	<dc:date>2026-03-06</dc:date>
	<dc:type>info:eu-repo/semantics/article</dc:type>
	<dc:type>info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion</dc:type>
	<dc:format>application/pdf</dc:format>
	<dc:identifier>https://journal.unnes.ac.id/journals/snh/article/view/44225</dc:identifier>
	<dc:identifier>10.15294/lrrq.v12i3.44225</dc:identifier>
	<dc:source xml:lang="en">Law Research Review Quarterly; Vol. 12 No. 3 (2026): Articles in Press; 1269-1289</dc:source>
	<dc:source>2716-3415</dc:source>
	<dc:source>10.15294/lrrq.v12i3</dc:source>
	<dc:language>eng</dc:language>
	<dc:relation>https://journal.unnes.ac.id/journals/snh/article/view/44225/8794</dc:relation>
	<dc:rights xml:lang="en">Copyright (c) 2026 Law Research Review Quarterly</dc:rights>
</oai_dc:dc>