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Employment Law in the Digital Age in Regulating Freelance and Remote Workers Through a Comparative Review of Indonesia and Germany

Law Research Review Quarterly · Vol. 12 No. 1 (2026) · hlm. 574–596

DOI
10.15294/lrrq.v12i1.45454
ISSN
2716-3415
Terbit
2026-01-23
Penerbit
Universitas Negeri Semarang
Bahasa
eng

Abstrak

The reality of employment relationships in Indonesia today far exceeds what is written in labor laws. The emergence of freelance and remote work trends due to digital technology has collided with laws that still rely on formal recognition. The research method used was normative legal research with a regulatory and comparative law approach. The results of the study point to the weak legal protection for freelance and remote workers, including wages, social security, occupational safety and health, and access to dispute resolution mechanisms. In comparison, German law has implemented an adaptive substantive approach. Employment status is assessed based on factual realities and economic dependence, even recognizing the category of quasi-independent workers (arbeitnehmerähnliche Personen) who receive legal protection. Through this comparison, a protection model based on the reality of employment relationships is more relevant to the current shifts in the world of work. On that basis, Indonesia needs to overhaul its labor law policies. By selectively absorbing German legal principles, Indonesia can build a stronger protective barrier for freelance and remote workers amid rapid digitalization.

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34 penulis · 74 tautan kepenulisan bersama · 15 lintas organisasi

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  • State University of Semarang
  • National University of Malaysia
  • Seoul National University
  • Universitas Gadjah Mada
  • Afiliasi tidak diketahui
  • Organisasi berbeda
  • Organisasi sama
  • Afiliasi tidak diketahui
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Tampilkan sebagai tabel
Rekan penulisOrganisasiArtikel bersama
Indah Sri UtariState University of Semarang2
Diandra Preludio RamadaState University of Semarang2
Muhammad Azil MaskurState University of Semarang2
Rodiyah RodiyahState University of Semarang2
Fitriani AbdiState University of Semarang2
Salman AlfarisiState University of Semarang2
Bayangsari WedhatamiState University of Semarang2
Cindy Ayu PrasasiState University of Semarang2
Ubaidillah KamalState University of Semarang1
Nizamuddin AliasNational University of Malaysia1
Putri Balqis Nuril HakimState University of Semarang1
Quinny Azalia PutriState University of Semarang1
Ahmad Gelora MahardikaSeoul National University1
Aurelia Dinda SasikiranaState University of Semarang1
Marshanda Aulia PutriState University of Semarang1
Rayi Kharisma RajibState University of Semarang1
Nazla Arliva RahmanState University of Semarang1
Subhra SanyalAfiliasi tidak diketahui1
Ali MasyharState University of Semarang1
Umar MubdiUniversitas Gadjah Mada1
Rahmat Dwi PutrantoAfiliasi tidak diketahui1
Rakrian Ajar LegowoState University of Semarang1
La Ode Ibrah Haikal Rachman KadirState University of Semarang1
BaidhowiState University of Semarang1
STACEY KHARIN CHELINE POLLATUState University of Semarang1
Nicholas Herta PrasetyoState University of Semarang1
Silvia Ratna AnzaniState University of Semarang1
Amar HaqiState University of Semarang1
Sesarius Noveno Dylan KurniaputraState University of Semarang1
Najma Kusumawardhani Mustika PutriState University of Semarang1
Alfi Zayyan Al MaksumiyyahState University of Semarang1
Eva Rutnauli SinagaState University of Semarang1

Afiliasi berasal dari OpenAlex; metadata OAI-PMH jurnal tidak memuatnya. Penulis tanpa ID OpenAlex dicocokkan berdasarkan nama, sehingga dua orang bisa tergabung atau satu orang bisa terpisah.

Sumber metadata: OAI-PMH (metadata jurnal) https://journal.unnes.ac.id/journals/snh/oai, pertama di-harvest 6 Nov 2026, terakhir terlihat 8 Nov 2026.
Metadata asli (oai_dc) 
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	<dc:title xml:lang="en">Employment Law in the Digital Age in Regulating Freelance and Remote Workers Through a Comparative Review of Indonesia and Germany</dc:title>
	<dc:creator xml:lang="en">Cahyani, Adinda Intan</dc:creator>
	<dc:creator xml:lang="en"> Damayanti , Ratih Damayanti </dc:creator>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Employment Law</dc:subject>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en"> freelance workers</dc:subject>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en">remote workers</dc:subject>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en"> legal protection</dc:subject>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en">comparative law</dc:subject>
	<dc:description xml:lang="en">The reality of employment relationships in Indonesia today far exceeds what is written in labor laws. The emergence of freelance and remote work trends due to digital technology has collided with laws that still rely on formal recognition. The research method used was normative legal research with a regulatory and comparative law approach. The results of the study point to the weak legal protection for freelance and remote workers, including wages, social security, occupational safety and health, and access to dispute resolution mechanisms. In comparison, German law has implemented an adaptive substantive approach. Employment status is assessed based on factual realities and economic dependence, even recognizing the category of quasi-independent workers (arbeitnehmerähnliche Personen) who receive legal protection. Through this comparison, a protection model based on the reality of employment relationships is more relevant to the current shifts in the world of work. On that basis, Indonesia needs to overhaul its labor law policies. By selectively absorbing German legal principles, Indonesia can build a stronger protective barrier for freelance and remote workers amid rapid digitalization.</dc:description>
	<dc:publisher xml:lang="en">Universitas Negeri Semarang</dc:publisher>
	<dc:date>2026-01-23</dc:date>
	<dc:type>info:eu-repo/semantics/article</dc:type>
	<dc:type>info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion</dc:type>
	<dc:format>application/pdf</dc:format>
	<dc:identifier>https://journal.unnes.ac.id/journals/snh/article/view/45454</dc:identifier>
	<dc:identifier>10.15294/lrrq.v12i1.45454</dc:identifier>
	<dc:source xml:lang="en">Law Research Review Quarterly; Vol. 12 No. 1 (2026): Articles in press; 574-596</dc:source>
	<dc:source>2716-3415</dc:source>
	<dc:source>10.15294/llrq.v12i1</dc:source>
	<dc:language>eng</dc:language>
	<dc:relation>https://journal.unnes.ac.id/journals/snh/article/view/45454/8752</dc:relation>
	<dc:rights xml:lang="en">Copyright (c) 2026 Law Research Review Quarterly</dc:rights>
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