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Smart detection of offensive words in social media using the soundex algorithm and permuterm index

International Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering (IJECE) · Vol. 11 No. 5 (2021)

DOI
10.11591/ijece.v11i5.pp4431-4438
ISSN
2722-2578, 2088-8708
Published
2021-10-01
Publisher
Institute of Advanced Engineering and Science
License
creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0

Abstract

Offensive posts in the social media that are inappropriate for a specific age, level of maturity, or impression are quite often destined more to unadult than adult participants. Nowadays, the growth in the number of the masked offensive words in the social media is one of the ethically challenging problems. Thus, there has been growing interest in development of methods that can automatically detect posts with such words. This study aimed at developing a method that can detect the masked offensive words in which partial alteration of the word may trick the conventional monitoring systems when being posted on social media. The proposed method progresses in a series of phases that can be broken down into a pre-processing phase, which includes filtering, tokenization, and stemming; offensive word extraction phase, which relies on using the soundex algorithm and permuterm index; and a post-processing phase that classifies the users’ posts in order to highlight the offensive content. Accordingly, the method detects the masked offensive words in the written text, thus forbidding certain types of offensive words from being published. Results of evaluation of performance of the proposed method indicate a 99% accuracy of detection of offensive words.

Collaboration network of the authors

9 authors · 23 co-authorship links

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  • Al-Hussein Bin Talal University
  • Affiliation unknown
  • Different organisations
  • Same organisation
  • Affiliation unknown
  • Thicker line = more joint articles · bigger circle = more articles
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Co-authorOrganisationJoint articles
Mohammed Al-kaseasbehAffiliation unknown3
Harbi Al-MahafzahAffiliation unknown2
Bassam AlqarallehAffiliation unknown2

Affiliations come from OpenAlex; journal OAI-PMH metadata carries none. Authors without an OpenAlex ID are matched by name, which can merge or split people.

This record comes from Crossref (what the publisher deposited), because the journal's own OAI-PMH endpoint could not be harvested.

Metadata source: Crossref API (cadangan, berdasarkan ISSN) https://api.crossref.org/journals/2088-8708/works, first harvested 27 Okt 2026, last seen 1 Nov 2026.
Metadata as oai_dc, converted from Crossref
<oai_dc:dc xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:oai_dc="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/"><dc:title>Smart detection of offensive words in social media using the soundex algorithm and permuterm index</dc:title><dc:creator>Alksasbeh, Malek Z.</dc:creator><dc:creator>Alqaralleh, Bassam A. Y.</dc:creator><dc:creator>Abukhalil, Tamer</dc:creator><dc:creator>Abukaraki, Anas</dc:creator><dc:creator>Al Rawashdeh, Tawfiq</dc:creator><dc:creator>Al-Jaafreh, Moha'med</dc:creator><dc:description>&lt;jats:p&gt;Offensive posts in the social media that are inappropriate for a specific age, level of maturity, or impression are quite often destined more to unadult than adult participants. Nowadays, the growth in the number of the masked offensive words in the social media is one of the ethically challenging problems. Thus, there has been growing interest in development of methods that can automatically detect posts with such words. This study aimed at developing a method that can detect the masked offensive words in which partial alteration of the word may trick the conventional monitoring systems when being posted on social media. The proposed method progresses in a series of phases that can be broken down into a pre-processing phase, which includes filtering, tokenization, and stemming; offensive word extraction phase, which relies on using the soundex algorithm and permuterm index; and a post-processing phase that classifies the users’ posts in order to highlight the offensive content. Accordingly, the method detects the masked offensive words in the written text, thus forbidding certain types of offensive words from being published. Results of evaluation of performance of the proposed method indicate a 99% accuracy of detection of offensive words.&lt;/jats:p&gt;</dc:description><dc:publisher>Institute of Advanced Engineering and Science</dc:publisher><dc:date>2021-10-01</dc:date><dc:type>info:eu-repo/semantics/article</dc:type><dc:format>application/pdf</dc:format><dc:identifier>https://doi.org/10.11591/ijece.v11i5.pp4431-4438</dc:identifier><dc:identifier>10.11591/ijece.v11i5.pp4431-4438</dc:identifier><dc:source>International Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering (IJECE); Vol 11 No 5 (2021); 4431</dc:source><dc:source>2722-2578</dc:source><dc:source>2088-8708</dc:source><dc:relation>http://ijece.iaescore.com/index.php/IJECE/article/viewFile/23421/15089</dc:relation><dc:rights>http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0</dc:rights></oai_dc:dc>