Correlation Between Macronutrient Intake and Physical Exercise with Muscle Mass and Fat Mass in Male Gym Members

Orlando, Andreas; Kuswari, Mury; Utami, Dessy Aryanti; Mulyani, Erry Yudhya; Gifari, Nazhif

doi:10.15294/spnj.v7i2.33084

Jurnal

Correlation Between Macronutrient Intake and Physical Exercise with Muscle Mass and Fat Mass in Male Gym Members

Sport and Nutrition Journal · Vol. 7 No. 2 (2025) · hlm. 119–126

DOI: 10.15294/spnj.v7i2.33084
ISSN: 2685-2845, 2685-6018
Terbit: 2025-12-31
Penerbit: Universitas Negeri Semarang
Bahasa: eng

Abstrak

Background: Body composition, particularly the muscle-to-fat ratio, is an essential indicator of metabolic health and fitness. This study aimed to analyze the relationship between macronutrient intake (energy, protein, fat, carbohydrates) and physical exercise parameters (type, frequency, and duration) with the muscle mass and fat mass percentage in active males at a fitness center. Methods: A cross-sectional design involved 42 male participants (aged 20–40 years) selected through purposive sampling at Master Fitness Club. Macronutrient intake was assessed using a 2×24-hour food recall, exercise data were collected via questionnaires, and body composition was measured using Bioelectrical Impedance Analysis (BIA). Data were analyzed using Pearson and Spearman correlation tests, as well as the Mann-Whitney U test. Results: Fat intake was significantly negatively associated with muscle mass (p=0.003; r=−0.443) and significantly positively related to fat mass (p=0.002; r=0.466). Energy, protein, carbohydrate intake, exercise frequency, and duration were not significantly associated with either variable (p>0.05). Conclusion: Fat intake plays a significant role in influencing body composition among active males. Higher fat intake is associated with decreased muscle mass and increased fat mass, highlighting the importance of managing fat intake to achieve optimal body composition.

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Universitas Esa Unggul
IPB University
Universitas Muhammadiyah Prof Dr Hamka
Universitas Airlangga
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Rekan penulis	Organisasi	Artikel bersama
Laras Sitoayu	Universitas Esa Unggul	7
Indah Dwi Permatasari	Universitas Esa Unggul	6
Rachmanida Nuzrina	Universitas Esa Unggul	5
Putri Ronitawati	Universitas Esa Unggul	3
Hardinsyah Hardinsyah	IPB University	2
Dodik Briawan	IPB University	2
Budi Iman Santoso	Universitas Airlangga	2
Catrine Fernanda	Universitas Esa Unggul	2
Sofhie Myra	Universitas Esa Unggul	2
Jeallyza Muthia Azra	Universitas Esa Unggul	2
Annisa Khaerani	Universitas Esa Unggul	1
Vitria Melani	Universitas Esa Unggul	1
Desiana Rizky Purwaningtyas	Universitas Muhammadiyah Prof Dr Hamka	1
Nadila Dwi Wulansari	Universitas Muhammadiyah Prof Dr Hamka	1
Lintang Purwara Dewanti	Universitas Esa Unggul	1
Khairizka Citra Palupi	Universitas Esa Unggul	1
Nurul Shiva Fauziah	Universitas Esa Unggul	1
Mochammad Rizal	Universitas Esa Unggul	1
Ni Putu Dewi Arini	Afiliasi tidak diketahui	1
Idrus Jus’at	Universitas Esa Unggul	1

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Sumber metadata: OAI-PMH (metadata jurnal) https://journal.unnes.ac.id/journals/spnj/oai, pertama di-harvest 6 Nov 2026, terakhir terlihat 8 Nov 2026.

Metadata asli (oai_dc)

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	<dc:title xml:lang="en">Correlation Between Macronutrient Intake and Physical Exercise with Muscle Mass and Fat Mass in Male Gym Members</dc:title>
	<dc:creator xml:lang="en">Orlando, Andreas</dc:creator>
	<dc:creator xml:lang="en">Kuswari, Mury</dc:creator>
	<dc:creator xml:lang="en">Utami, Dessy Aryanti</dc:creator>
	<dc:creator xml:lang="en">Mulyani, Erry Yudhya</dc:creator>
	<dc:creator xml:lang="en">Gifari, Nazhif</dc:creator>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en">macronutrient intake, physical exercise, muscle mass, fat mass, body composition, active men </dc:subject>
	<dc:description xml:lang="en">Background: Body composition, particularly the muscle-to-fat ratio, is an essential indicator of metabolic health and fitness. This study aimed to analyze the relationship between macronutrient intake (energy, protein, fat, carbohydrates) and physical exercise parameters (type, frequency, and duration) with the muscle mass and fat mass percentage in active males at a fitness center. Methods: A cross-sectional design involved 42 male participants (aged 20–40 years) selected through purposive sampling at Master Fitness Club. Macronutrient intake was assessed using a 2×24-hour food recall, exercise data were collected via questionnaires, and body composition was measured using Bioelectrical Impedance Analysis (BIA). Data were analyzed using Pearson and Spearman correlation tests, as well as the Mann-Whitney U test. Results: Fat intake was significantly negatively associated with muscle mass (p=0.003; r=−0.443) and significantly positively related to fat mass (p=0.002; r=0.466). Energy, protein, carbohydrate intake, exercise frequency, and duration were not significantly associated with either variable (p&amp;gt;0.05). Conclusion: Fat intake plays a significant role in influencing body composition among active males. Higher fat intake is associated with decreased muscle mass and increased fat mass, highlighting the importance of managing fat intake to achieve optimal body composition.</dc:description>
	<dc:publisher xml:lang="en">Universitas Negeri Semarang</dc:publisher>
	<dc:date>2025-12-31</dc:date>
	<dc:type>info:eu-repo/semantics/article</dc:type>
	<dc:type>info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion</dc:type>
	<dc:type xml:lang="en">Peer-reviewed Article</dc:type>
	<dc:format>application/pdf</dc:format>
	<dc:identifier>https://journal.unnes.ac.id/journals/spnj/article/view/33084</dc:identifier>
	<dc:identifier>10.15294/spnj.v7i2.33084</dc:identifier>
	<dc:source xml:lang="en">Sport and Nutrition Journal; Vol. 7 No. 2 (2025); 119-126</dc:source>
	<dc:source>2685-2845</dc:source>
	<dc:source>2685-6018</dc:source>
	<dc:source>10.15294/spnj.v7i2</dc:source>
	<dc:language>eng</dc:language>
	<dc:relation>https://journal.unnes.ac.id/journals/spnj/article/view/33084/8630</dc:relation>
	<dc:rights xml:lang="en">Copyright (c) 2025 Sport and Nutrition Journal</dc:rights>
</oai_dc:dc>