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Factors of Diabetic Retinopathy among Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients in Central Java Province, Indonesia

Unnes Journal of Public Health · Vol. 14 No. 1 (2025) · hlm. 57–68

DOI
10.15294/ujph.v14i1.16126
ISSN
2548-7604, 2252-6781
Terbit
2025-05-04
Penerbit
Universitas Negeri Semarang (UNNES) in cooperation with the Association of Indonesian Public Health Experts (Ikatan Ahli Kesehatan Masyarakat Indonesia (IAKMI))
Bahasa
eng

Abstrak

One of the microvascular complications of type 2 diabetes mellitus is diabetic retinopathy. The prevalence of diabetes mellitus in Central Java Province in 2022 by 10% increased to 12.52% in the third quarter of 2023. This prevalence rate has not reached the SDG's target, namely there is no increase in diabetes prevalence by 0%. The purpose of this study is to analyze factors associated the incidence of diabetic retinopathy in type 2 DM patients at Central Java Provincial Hospital in 2023. This research is quantitative research with a nested case control study design, using electronic medical record data from the Central Java Provincial Hospital in 2023. The variables in this study were gender, age, education level, employment status, marital status, health insurance status, BMI, DM diet, duration of DM, hypertension, other diseases, current blood glucose, and HbA1c. The analysis used was univariate, bivariate, and multivariate analysis (logistic regression). The results showed that there was association between age ≥70 years (p=0.006), DM diet (p<0.0001, OR=20.914), duration of DM (p=0.003, OR=3.010), hypertension (p=0.013, OR=2.619), other diseases including cataracts (p=0.040, OR=9.00), glaucoma (p=0.007), CHD (p=0.040, OR=9.00), and cardiomegaly (p=0.016), current blood glucose (p=0.045, OR=2.478), and HbA1c (p<0.0001, OR=6.152). DM diet is the most dominant factor associated with diabetic retinopathy in type 2 DM patients.

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  • State University of Semarang
  • Mulawarman University
  • Universitas Bhakti Husada Indonesia
  • Sultan Agung Islamic University
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Rekan penulisOrganisasiArtikel bersama
Mahalul AzamState University of Semarang7
Hanif Pandu SuhitoState University of Semarang6
Ari YuniastutiState University of Semarang6
Evi WidowatiState University of Semarang5
Oktia Woro Kasmini HandayaniState University of Semarang5
Yuni WijayantiState University of Semarang4
Sholikun SholikunAfiliasi tidak diketahui3
Irwan BudionoState University of Semarang3
Bambang Budi RaharjoState University of Semarang3
Nur SiyamState University of Semarang2
Wandah WibawantoState University of Semarang2
Natalia Desy PutriningtyasState University of Semarang2
Margareta RahayuningsihState University of Semarang2
Russiska RussiskaUniversitas Bhakti Husada Indonesia2
Luqman AlwiState University of Semarang2
Nadiya Arawinda AndarState University of Semarang2
Tandiyo RahayuState University of Semarang2
Arulita Ika FibrianaState University of Semarang2
Regina Marsha NathanielaState University of Semarang2
Sultan Aulia RahmatState University of Semarang2
Oktia Woro Kasmini HandayaniState University of Semarang2
Sri Ratna RahayuState University of Semarang2
Mutiara Putri NovitaSultan Agung Islamic University1
Surtianingsih WidiastutiState University of Semarang1
Selvia Mayka SyahputriState University of Semarang1
Azhar Fauzan FadhilState University of Semarang1
Dyah Ayu Shinta RatnasariState University of Semarang1
Syifa Nurisma PutriState University of Semarang1
Amalia An NidhaState University of Semarang1
Qonita Nur QolbyState University of Semarang1

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Sumber metadata: OAI-PMH (metadata jurnal) https://journal.unnes.ac.id/journals/ujph/oai, pertama di-harvest 6 Nov 2026, terakhir terlihat 8 Nov 2026.
Metadata asli (oai_dc) 
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	<dc:title xml:lang="en">Factors of Diabetic Retinopathy among Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients in Central Java Province, Indonesia</dc:title>
	<dc:creator xml:lang="en">Casmuti, Casmuti</dc:creator>
	<dc:creator xml:lang="en">Zainafree,  Intan</dc:creator>
	<dc:creator xml:lang="en">Cahyati, Widya Hary</dc:creator>
	<dc:creator xml:lang="en">Ningrum, Dina Nur Anggraini</dc:creator>
	<dc:creator xml:lang="en">Saefurrohim, Muhamad Zakki</dc:creator>
	<dc:creator xml:lang="en">Hakam, Abdul </dc:creator>
	<dc:creator xml:lang="en">Zaimatuddunia, Irma</dc:creator>
	<dc:creator xml:lang="en">Prasetya, Henky Yoga</dc:creator>
	<dc:creator xml:lang="en">Jusran, Alek </dc:creator>
	<dc:creator xml:lang="en">Irsam, Muhamad </dc:creator>
	<dc:description xml:lang="en">One of the microvascular complications of type 2 diabetes mellitus is diabetic retinopathy. The prevalence of diabetes mellitus in Central Java Province in 2022 by 10% increased to 12.52% in the third quarter of 2023. This prevalence rate has not reached the SDG's target, namely there is no increase in diabetes prevalence by 0%. The purpose of this study is to analyze factors associated the incidence of diabetic retinopathy in type 2 DM patients at Central Java Provincial Hospital in 2023. This research is quantitative research with a nested case control study design, using electronic medical record data from the Central Java Provincial Hospital in 2023. The variables in this study were gender, age, education level, employment status, marital status, health insurance status, BMI, DM diet, duration of DM, hypertension, other diseases, current blood glucose, and HbA1c. The analysis used was univariate, bivariate, and multivariate analysis (logistic regression). The results showed that there was association between age ≥70 years (p=0.006), DM diet (p&amp;lt;0.0001, OR=20.914), duration of DM (p=0.003, OR=3.010), hypertension (p=0.013, OR=2.619), other diseases including cataracts (p=0.040, OR=9.00), glaucoma (p=0.007), CHD (p=0.040, OR=9.00), and cardiomegaly (p=0.016), current blood glucose (p=0.045, OR=2.478), and HbA1c (p&amp;lt;0.0001, OR=6.152). DM diet is the most dominant factor associated with diabetic retinopathy in type 2 DM patients. </dc:description>
	<dc:publisher xml:lang="en">Universitas Negeri Semarang (UNNES) in cooperation with the Association of Indonesian Public Health Experts (Ikatan Ahli Kesehatan Masyarakat Indonesia (IAKMI))</dc:publisher>
	<dc:date>2025-05-04</dc:date>
	<dc:type>info:eu-repo/semantics/article</dc:type>
	<dc:type>info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion</dc:type>
	<dc:type xml:lang="en">Peer-reviewed Article</dc:type>
	<dc:format>application/pdf</dc:format>
	<dc:identifier>https://journal.unnes.ac.id/journals/ujph/article/view/16126</dc:identifier>
	<dc:identifier>10.15294/ujph.v14i1.16126</dc:identifier>
	<dc:source xml:lang="en">Unnes Journal of Public Health; Vol. 14 No. 1 (2025); 57-68</dc:source>
	<dc:source>2548-7604</dc:source>
	<dc:source>2252-6781</dc:source>
	<dc:source>10.15294/ujph.v14i1</dc:source>
	<dc:language>eng</dc:language>
	<dc:relation>https://journal.unnes.ac.id/journals/ujph/article/view/16126/3591</dc:relation>
	<dc:rights xml:lang="en">Copyright (c) 2025 Unnes Journal of Public Health</dc:rights>
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