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Revealing the Hidden Burden and Risk Factors of Mental Health Disorders

Unnes Journal of Public Health · Vol. 15 No. 1 (2026) · hlm. 18–30

DOI
10.15294/ujph.v15i1.28106
ISSN
2548-7604, 2252-6781
Terbit
2026-05-09
Penerbit
Universitas Negeri Semarang (UNNES) in cooperation with the Association of Indonesian Public Health Experts (Ikatan Ahli Kesehatan Masyarakat Indonesia (IAKMI))
Bahasa
eng

Abstrak

Mental health diseases are a major issue in Indonesia, as evidenced by mental–emotional disorders rising from 6.1% in 2018 to 9.8% in 2021, the reported prevalence of depression being that of up to 6.6%. However, even though national-level data are available, evidence from the specific region regarding the prevalence and risk factors in Bogor is still scant. Including used dataThis study: 2017-2018 NCD Bogor City Knowledge Risk Factor Cohort. The aims were to assess the prevalence of mental health disorders and associated factors and risk profile for each factor. 3,784 people participated. Bivariate and logistic regression analyses were used to identify risk factors. In Bogor City, the prevalence of MHD is reported at 21.4%. Multivariable analysis revealed factors associated with the outcome: below-median income (less than Rp. 3,557.146) (aOR=1.801; p=0.001), age 26-45 (aOR=1.328; p=0.001), male (aOR=1.731; p=0.001), and incomplete elementary education (aOR=1.919; p=0.006). In contrast, completion of only elementary education (aOR = 2.064; p = 0.019), heart disease (aOR = 1.773; p = 0.017), and heavy physical activity (aOR = 1.561; p = 0.001) were found to significantly influence the risk of mental health disorders (MHD) (p = 0.002). Overall, Bogor City exhibits a high prevalence of MHD, with multiple demographic and health-related risk factors contributing to this condition, including low income, age 26–45, male gender, incomplete elementary education, lack of health insurance, comorbid heart disease, and engagement in heavy physical activity.

Kata kunci

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40 penulis · 137 tautan kepenulisan bersama · 36 lintas organisasi · menampilkan 40 yang paling banyak terhubung

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  • State University of Semarang
  • Universitas Gadjah Mada
  • Jenderal Soedirman University
  • Mulawarman University
  • Kementerian Kesehatan Republik Indonesia
  • University of Indonesia
  • University of Brawijaya
  • Organisasi lain
  • Afiliasi tidak diketahui
  • Organisasi berbeda
  • Organisasi sama
  • Afiliasi tidak diketahui
  • Garis lebih tebal = lebih banyak artikel bersama · lingkaran lebih besar = lebih banyak artikel
Tampilkan sebagai tabel
Rekan penulisOrganisasiArtikel bersama
Ray Wagiu BasrowiUniversity of Indonesia2
Dessy PratiwiKementerian Kesehatan Republik Indonesia2
Charisma DilantikaAfiliasi tidak diketahui2
Febriansyah DarusGatot Soebroto Army Hospital2
Edwin KinesyaUniversity of Brawijaya2
Dwi Sarwani Sri RejekiJenderal Soedirman University1
Intan Henda ArdianiJenderal Soedirman University1
Siwi Pramatama Mars WijayantiJenderal Soedirman University1
Henky Yoga PrasetyaAfiliasi tidak diketahui1
Abdul HakamAfiliasi tidak diketahui1
Alek JusranAfiliasi tidak diketahui1
Muhamad IrsamAfiliasi tidak diketahui1
Widya Hary CahyatiState University of Semarang1
Dina Nur Anggraini NingrumState University of Semarang1
Irma ZaimatudduniaAfiliasi tidak diketahui1
Casmuti CasmutiState University of Semarang1
Intan ZainafreeState University of Semarang1
Mahalul AzamState University of Semarang1
Irwan BudionoState University of Semarang1
Arulita Ika FibrianaState University of Semarang1
Intan NurfatihahState University of Semarang1
Deni KrisnamurtiAfiliasi tidak diketahui1
Bertri Maulidya MasitaAfiliasi tidak diketahui1
Dhanasari VidiawatiAfiliasi tidak diketahui1
Yuda TuranaAtma Jaya Catholic University of Indonesia1
Lily Arsanti LestariUniversitas Gadjah Mada1
Aurellia RyvekaUniversitas Gadjah Mada1
Siti HelmyatiUniversitas Gadjah Mada1
Fina Cahya HasanahUniversitas Gadjah Mada1
Febriani PutriUniversitas Gadjah Mada1
Runi ArumndariAfiliasi tidak diketahui1
Mira FauziahAfiliasi tidak diketahui1
Firstya Diyah EkasiwiUniversity of Brawijaya1

Afiliasi berasal dari OpenAlex; metadata OAI-PMH jurnal tidak memuatnya. Penulis tanpa ID OpenAlex dicocokkan berdasarkan nama, sehingga dua orang bisa tergabung atau satu orang bisa terpisah.

Sumber metadata: OAI-PMH (metadata jurnal) https://journal.unnes.ac.id/journals/ujph/oai, pertama di-harvest 6 Nov 2026, terakhir terlihat 8 Nov 2026.
Metadata asli (oai_dc) 
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	<dc:title xml:lang="en">Revealing the Hidden Burden and Risk Factors of Mental Health Disorders</dc:title>
	<dc:creator xml:lang="en">Rahayu, Agustin Putri</dc:creator>
	<dc:creator xml:lang="en">Saefurrohim, Muhamad Zakki </dc:creator>
	<dc:creator xml:lang="en">Ningsih, Sri Wahyuni </dc:creator>
	<dc:creator xml:lang="en">Susilastuti, Mustika Suci </dc:creator>
	<dc:creator xml:lang="en">Pratiwi, Amanda Hesti </dc:creator>
	<dc:creator xml:lang="en">Sundjaya, Tonny </dc:creator>
	<dc:creator xml:lang="en">Yuliana, Roma </dc:creator>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en">mental health disorders; risk factors; Bogor</dc:subject>
	<dc:description xml:lang="en">Mental health diseases are a major issue in Indonesia, as evidenced by mental–emotional disorders rising from 6.1% in 2018 to 9.8% in 2021, the reported prevalence of depression being that of up to 6.6%. However, even though national-level data are available, evidence from the specific region regarding the prevalence and risk factors in Bogor is still scant. Including used dataThis study: 2017-2018 NCD Bogor City Knowledge Risk Factor Cohort. The aims were to assess the prevalence of mental health disorders and associated factors and risk profile for each factor. 3,784 people participated. Bivariate and logistic regression analyses were used to identify risk factors. In Bogor City, the prevalence of MHD is reported at 21.4%. Multivariable analysis revealed factors associated with the outcome: below-median income (less than Rp. 3,557.146) (aOR=1.801; p=0.001), age 26-45 (aOR=1.328; p=0.001), male (aOR=1.731; p=0.001), and incomplete elementary education (aOR=1.919; p=0.006). In contrast, completion of only elementary education (aOR = 2.064; p = 0.019), heart disease (aOR = 1.773; p = 0.017), and heavy physical activity (aOR = 1.561; p = 0.001) were found to significantly influence the risk of mental health disorders (MHD) (p = 0.002). Overall, Bogor City exhibits a high prevalence of MHD, with multiple demographic and health-related risk factors contributing to this condition, including low income, age 26–45, male gender, incomplete elementary education, lack of health insurance, comorbid heart disease, and engagement in heavy physical activity.</dc:description>
	<dc:publisher xml:lang="en">Universitas Negeri Semarang (UNNES) in cooperation with the Association of Indonesian Public Health Experts (Ikatan Ahli Kesehatan Masyarakat Indonesia (IAKMI))</dc:publisher>
	<dc:date>2026-05-09</dc:date>
	<dc:type>info:eu-repo/semantics/article</dc:type>
	<dc:type>info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion</dc:type>
	<dc:type xml:lang="en">Peer-reviewed Article</dc:type>
	<dc:format>application/pdf</dc:format>
	<dc:identifier>https://journal.unnes.ac.id/journals/ujph/article/view/28106</dc:identifier>
	<dc:identifier>10.15294/ujph.v15i1.28106</dc:identifier>
	<dc:source xml:lang="en">Unnes Journal of Public Health; Vol. 15 No. 1 (2026); 18-30</dc:source>
	<dc:source>2548-7604</dc:source>
	<dc:source>2252-6781</dc:source>
	<dc:source>10.15294/ujph.v15i1</dc:source>
	<dc:language>eng</dc:language>
	<dc:relation>https://journal.unnes.ac.id/journals/ujph/article/view/28106/9570</dc:relation>
	<dc:rights xml:lang="en">Copyright (c) 2026 Unnes Journal of Public Health</dc:rights>
</oai_dc:dc>