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Development and Physicochemical Characterization of Ocimum sanctum Essential Oil Nanoemulsion with Preliminary Adulticidal Activity against Aedes aegypti

Unnes Journal of Public Health · Vol. 15 No. 2 (2026) · hlm. 141–149

DOI
10.15294/ujph.v15i2.41723
ISSN
2548-7604, 2252-6781
Terbit
2026-09-30
Penerbit
Universitas Negeri Semarang (UNNES) in cooperation with the Association of Indonesian Public Health Experts (Ikatan Ahli Kesehatan Masyarakat Indonesia (IAKMI))
Bahasa
eng

Abstrak

Ocimum sanctum has been widely investigated as a source of bioactive compounds with potential applications in vector control. This study examined the phytochemical profile of O. sanctum essential oil and evaluated the physicochemical characteristics and preliminary adulticidal activity of its nanoemulsion formulation against Aedes aegypti. Essential oil obtained by hydrodistillation was formulated into an oil-in-water nanoemulsion and subsequently characterized through physicochemical and stability testing. Phytochemical screening confirmed the presence of alkaloids, flavonoids, terpenoids, steroids, and other essential oil constituents. The nanoemulsion exhibited a homogeneous appearance, a pH of 6-7, a transmittance of 91-94 %, an adhesion time of 10-14 s, and a spreadability of 9-15 cm. Particle characterization confirmed the formation of nanoscale droplets with acceptable distribution profiles. No signs of skin irritation were observed during the preliminary safety assessment. Adulticidal testing demonstrated transient knockdown effects but limited mortality after 24 h of observation. These findings indicate that O. sanctum essential oil can be formulated into a physically stable nanoemulsion; however, further optimization is required to improve biological performance and residual activity before practical public health applications can be considered.

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  • State University of Semarang
  • Afiliasi tidak diketahui
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Rekan penulisOrganisasiArtikel bersama
Evi WidowatiAfiliasi tidak diketahui3
Anik Setyo WahyuningsihState University of Semarang3
Ummi Nur Laila SulistyaniAfiliasi tidak diketahui2
Risa Anggita PutriAfiliasi tidak diketahui2
Hanif Satria FebrianandaAfiliasi tidak diketahui1
Fitra Aulia RahmaAfiliasi tidak diketahui1
Cahulul Rizaldy HasanAfiliasi tidak diketahui1
Muhammad MuhibbiAfiliasi tidak diketahui1
Ismi Elya WirdatiAfiliasi tidak diketahui1
Yuliati YuliatiAfiliasi tidak diketahui1
Herry KoesyantoAfiliasi tidak diketahui1
Nurul Huda AgustianiAfiliasi tidak diketahui1
Anisa SofianiAfiliasi tidak diketahui1
Nastiti WijayantiAfiliasi tidak diketahui1
Aris HaryantoAfiliasi tidak diketahui1

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Sumber metadata: OAI-PMH (metadata jurnal) https://journal.unnes.ac.id/journals/ujph/oai, pertama di-harvest 6 Nov 2026, terakhir terlihat 8 Nov 2026.
Metadata asli (oai_dc) 
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	<dc:title xml:lang="en">Development and Physicochemical Characterization of Ocimum sanctum Essential Oil Nanoemulsion with Preliminary Adulticidal Activity against Aedes aegypti</dc:title>
	<dc:creator xml:lang="en">Sukendra, Dyah</dc:creator>
	<dc:creator xml:lang="en">Hevi Wihadmadyatami</dc:creator>
	<dc:creator xml:lang="en">Suryaningtyas, Nungki Hapsari </dc:creator>
	<dc:creator xml:lang="en">Ernawan, Beni</dc:creator>
	<dc:creator xml:lang="en">Zuharah, Wan Fatma</dc:creator>
	<dc:creator xml:lang="en">Puspita Santik, Yunita Dyah </dc:creator>
	<dc:creator xml:lang="en">Muzaqi, Lutfi </dc:creator>
	<dc:creator xml:lang="en">Farasya, Intan Tasya </dc:creator>
	<dc:creator xml:lang="en">Sibarani, Devita  Uzlah </dc:creator>
	<dc:creator xml:lang="en"> Gusnawan, Sherly</dc:creator>
	<dc:creator xml:lang="en">Ramadhani, Najiha </dc:creator>
	<dc:creator xml:lang="en">Yulianingrum, Eldasari Myana Yulianingrum</dc:creator>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Aedes aegypti; Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever; Nanoemulsion; Ocimum sanctum; Vector Control</dc:subject>
	<dc:description xml:lang="en">Ocimum sanctum has been widely investigated as a source of bioactive compounds with potential applications in vector control. This study examined the phytochemical profile of O. sanctum essential oil and evaluated the physicochemical characteristics and preliminary adulticidal activity of its nanoemulsion formulation against Aedes aegypti. Essential oil obtained by hydrodistillation was formulated into an oil-in-water nanoemulsion and subsequently characterized through physicochemical and stability testing. Phytochemical screening confirmed the presence of alkaloids, flavonoids, terpenoids, steroids, and other essential oil constituents. The nanoemulsion exhibited a homogeneous appearance, a pH of 6-7, a transmittance of 91-94 %, an adhesion time of 10-14 s, and a spreadability of 9-15 cm. Particle characterization confirmed the formation of nanoscale droplets with acceptable distribution profiles. No signs of skin irritation were observed during the preliminary safety assessment. Adulticidal testing demonstrated transient knockdown effects but limited mortality after 24 h of observation. These findings indicate that O. sanctum essential oil can be formulated into a physically stable nanoemulsion; however, further optimization is required to improve biological performance and residual activity before practical public health applications can be considered.</dc:description>
	<dc:publisher xml:lang="en">Universitas Negeri Semarang (UNNES) in cooperation with the Association of Indonesian Public Health Experts (Ikatan Ahli Kesehatan Masyarakat Indonesia (IAKMI))</dc:publisher>
	<dc:date>2026-09-30</dc:date>
	<dc:type>info:eu-repo/semantics/article</dc:type>
	<dc:type>info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion</dc:type>
	<dc:type xml:lang="en">Peer-reviewed Article</dc:type>
	<dc:format>application/pdf</dc:format>
	<dc:identifier>https://journal.unnes.ac.id/journals/ujph/article/view/41723</dc:identifier>
	<dc:identifier>10.15294/ujph.v15i2.41723</dc:identifier>
	<dc:source xml:lang="en">Unnes Journal of Public Health; Vol. 15 No. 2 (2026); 141-149</dc:source>
	<dc:source>2548-7604</dc:source>
	<dc:source>2252-6781</dc:source>
	<dc:source>10.15294/ujph.v15i2</dc:source>
	<dc:language>eng</dc:language>
	<dc:relation>https://journal.unnes.ac.id/journals/ujph/article/view/41723/11600</dc:relation>
	<dc:rights xml:lang="en">Copyright (c) 2026 Unnes Journal of Public Health</dc:rights>
</oai_dc:dc>