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Synonym based feature expansion for Indonesian hate speech detection

International Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering (IJECE) · Vol. 13 No. 1 (2023)

DOI
10.11591/ijece.v13i1.pp1105-1112
ISSN
2722-2578, 2088-8708
Published
2023-02-01
Publisher
Institute of Advanced Engineering and Science
License
creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0

Abstract

Online hate speech is one of the negative impacts of internet-based social media development. Hate speech occurs due to a lack of public understanding of criticism and hate speech. The Indonesian government has regulations regarding hate speech, and most of the existing research about hate speech only focuses on feature extraction and classification methods. Therefore, this paper proposes methods to identify hate speech before a crime occurs. This paper presents an approach to detect hate speech by expanding synonyms in word embedding and shows the classification comparison result between Word2Vec and FastText with bidirectional long short-term memory which are processed using synonym expanding process and without it. The goal is to classify hate speech and non-hate speech. The best accuracy result without the synonym expanding process is 0.90, and the expanding synonym process is 0.93.

Collaboration network of the authors

34 authors · 71 co-authorship links · 26 across different organisations

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  • Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember
  • Universitas Dian Nuswantoro
  • Politeknik Negeri Malang
  • University of Brawijaya
  • Universiti Malaysia Terengganu
  • Mercu Buana University
  • Ghent University
  • Other organisations
  • Affiliation unknown
  • Different organisations
  • Same organisation
  • Affiliation unknown
  • Thicker line = more joint articles · bigger circle = more articles
Show as table
Co-authorOrganisationJoint articles
Chastine FatichahInstitut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember3
Salsabila SalsabilaInstitut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember3
I Gusti Agung Chintya Prema DewiInstitut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember2
Muhammad Suzuri HitamUniversiti Malaysia Terengganu2
Agus Tri HaryonoInstitut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember2
Suhariyanto SuhariyantoInstitut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember2
Tohari AhmadInstitut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember1
Solichul HudaUniversitas Dian Nuswantoro1
Faisal RahutomoPoliteknik Negeri Malang1
Bilqis AmaliahInstitut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember1
Margo PudjiantaraInstitut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember1
Bayu PriyambadhaUniversity of Brawijaya1
Nurul Fajrin AriyaniInstitut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember1
Sarwosri SarwosriInstitut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember1
Alief Yoga PriyantoInstitut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember1
Fika Hastarita RachmanInstitut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember1
Siti RochimahInstitut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember1
Bambang JokonowoMercu Buana University1
Jan ClaesGhent University1
Agus Zainal ArifinInstitut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember1
Anto Satriyo NugrohoBadan Pengkajian dan Penerapan Teknologi1
Umi SalamahSebelas Maret University1
Ismail Eko Prayitno RoziAffiliation unknown1
Puji Budi Setia AsihEijkman Institute for Molecular Biology1
Dedy Rahman WijayaTelkom University1
Muhammad Nezar MahardikaInstitut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember1
Ahmad SaikhuInstitut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember1
Hermawan Bin FauzanInstitut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember1
Budi HarjoUniversitas Dian Nuswantoro1
Muljono MuljonoUniversitas Dian Nuswantoro1

Affiliations come from OpenAlex; journal OAI-PMH metadata carries none. Authors without an OpenAlex ID are matched by name, which can merge or split people.

This record comes from Crossref (what the publisher deposited), because the journal's own OAI-PMH endpoint could not be harvested.

Metadata source: Crossref API (cadangan, berdasarkan ISSN) https://api.crossref.org/journals/2088-8708/works, first harvested 27 Okt 2026, last seen 27 Okt 2026.
Metadata as oai_dc, converted from Crossref
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