Evaluation Of Leak Elevation Effects On Ammonia Storage Release Consequences Using Aloha Simulation

Sitohang, Beatric Erlina; Prabasari, Ira Galih; Alfernando, Oki; Safitri, Ayu Nadila; Achmad, Feerzet; Herlambang, Aldillah

doi:10.22437/proca.v2i2.55562

Akses terbuka Jurnal

Evaluation Of Leak Elevation Effects On Ammonia Storage Release Consequences Using Aloha Simulation

Proceedings Academic Universitas Jambi · Vol. 2 No. 2 (2026) · hlm. 222–237

DOI: 10.22437/proca.v2i2.55562
Terbit: 2026-07-15
Penerbit: LPPM Universitas Jambi
Bahasa: en
Lisensi: creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0

Abstrak

Ammonia leakage from storage tanks poses significant risks to personnel, facilities, and surrounding communities due to its toxic and flammable properties. This study investigates the influence of leak hole elevation on Quantitative Risk Assessment (QRA) outcomes for the 5,000 MT Ammonia Storage Tank 4101-F at PT Pupuk Sriwidjaja Palembang, located near residential areas. Simulations were conducted using ALOHA 5.4.7 software to compare two scenarios: low elevation leak (0,5 m above ground) and high elevation leak (10 m above ground), with a 3-inch diameter hole under worst-case meteorological conditions (stability class F, wind speed 2 m/s). Four consequence scenarios were evaluated: toxic vapor cloud, flammable vapor cloud, vapor cloud explosion, and BLEVE. Results demonstrated that low elevation leaks generated significantly higher release rates (1.820 kg/min) compared to high elevation leaks (974 kg/min) due to greater hydrostatic pressure. The toxic vapor cloud ERPG-3 zone extended to 1,4 km for low elevation versus 0,953 km for high elevation. Similarly, flammable vapor cloud LEL zones reached 156 m and 105 m, while vapor cloud explosion overpressure (1 psi) zones extended to 168 m and 114 m, respectively. The findings reveal that leak elevation substantially affects consequence dispersion patterns and hazard zone extents, providing critical insights for emergency response planning and safety system optimization in ammonia storage facilities.

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Sumber metadata: OAI-PMH (metadata jurnal) https://online-journal.unja.ac.id/index.php/PROCA/oai, pertama di-harvest 6 Nov 2026, terakhir terlihat 8 Nov 2026.

Metadata asli (oai_dc)

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	<dc:title xml:lang="en">Evaluation Of Leak Elevation Effects On Ammonia Storage Release Consequences Using Aloha Simulation</dc:title>
	<dc:creator xml:lang="en">Sitohang, Beatric Erlina</dc:creator>
	<dc:creator xml:lang="en">Prabasari, Ira Galih</dc:creator>
	<dc:creator xml:lang="en">Alfernando, Oki</dc:creator>
	<dc:creator xml:lang="en">Safitri, Ayu Nadila</dc:creator>
	<dc:creator xml:lang="en">Achmad, Feerzet</dc:creator>
	<dc:creator xml:lang="en">Herlambang, Aldillah</dc:creator>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Ammonia Storage</dc:subject>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Quantitative Risk Assessment</dc:subject>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Leak Elevation</dc:subject>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en">ALOHA Simulation</dc:subject>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Consequence Analysis</dc:subject>
	<dc:description xml:lang="en">Ammonia leakage from storage tanks poses significant risks to personnel, facilities, and surrounding communities due to its toxic and flammable properties. This study investigates the influence of leak hole elevation on Quantitative Risk Assessment (QRA) outcomes for the 5,000 MT Ammonia Storage Tank 4101-F at PT Pupuk Sriwidjaja Palembang, located near residential areas. Simulations were conducted using ALOHA 5.4.7 software to compare two scenarios: low elevation leak (0,5 m above ground) and high elevation leak (10 m above ground), with a 3-inch diameter hole under worst-case meteorological conditions (stability class F, wind speed 2 m/s). Four consequence scenarios were evaluated: toxic vapor cloud, flammable vapor cloud, vapor cloud explosion, and BLEVE. Results demonstrated that low elevation leaks generated significantly higher release rates (1.820 kg/min) compared to high elevation leaks (974 kg/min) due to greater hydrostatic pressure. The toxic vapor cloud ERPG-3 zone extended to 1,4 km for low elevation versus 0,953 km for high elevation. Similarly, flammable vapor cloud LEL zones reached 156 m and 105 m, while vapor cloud explosion overpressure (1 psi) zones extended to 168 m and 114 m, respectively. The findings reveal that leak elevation substantially affects consequence dispersion patterns and hazard zone extents, providing critical insights for emergency response planning and safety system optimization in ammonia storage facilities.</dc:description>
	<dc:publisher xml:lang="en">LPPM Universitas Jambi</dc:publisher>
	<dc:date>2026-07-15</dc:date>
	<dc:type>info:eu-repo/semantics/article</dc:type>
	<dc:type>info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion</dc:type>
	<dc:format>application/pdf</dc:format>
	<dc:identifier>https://online-journal.unja.ac.id/PROCA/article/view/55562</dc:identifier>
	<dc:identifier>10.22437/proca.v2i2.55562</dc:identifier>
	<dc:source xml:lang="en">Proceedings Academic Universitas Jambi; Vol. 2 No. 2 (2026): The 3rd Jambi International Conference On Engineering, Science and Technology (JICEST); 222-237</dc:source>
	<dc:source>10.22437/proca.v2i2</dc:source>
	<dc:language>en</dc:language>
	<dc:relation>https://online-journal.unja.ac.id/PROCA/article/view/55562/24926</dc:relation>
	<dc:rights xml:lang="en">Copyright (c) 2026 Beatric Erlina Sitohang, Ira Galih Prabasari, Oki Alfernando, Ayu Nadila Safitri, Feerzet Achmad, Aldillah Herlambang</dc:rights>
	<dc:rights xml:lang="en">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0</dc:rights>
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