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ICCPR and the Future of Political Rights: A Critical Analysis of Existing International Legal Norms

Uti Possidetis: Journal of International Law · Vol. 6 No. 2 (2025) · hlm. 291–313

DOI
10.22437/up.v6i2.43388
ISSN
2721-8333, 2721-8031
Terbit
2025-07-31
Penerbit
Faculty of Law, Universitas Jambi
Bahasa
en
Lisensi
creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0

Abstrak

Background: This article examines the normative gap within the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (ICCPR) concerning the regulation of internal democracy within political parties. While Article 25 guarantees the procedural right to vote and to be elected, it does not sufficiently address substantive democratic deficits such as oligarchic practices, vote buying, and the absence of internal party accountability. Methodology: The analysis is grounded in normative legal research, relying on doctrinal interpretation of international human rights instruments, particularly the ICCPR, and exploring the horizontal application of human rights and the state's due diligence obligations with respect to political parties. Objectives: The primary objective is to argue that political parties, as pivotal actors in democratic systems, should be subject to human rights standards, especially regarding integrity, participation, and non-discrimination, and to identify legal mechanisms that could strengthen internal party democracy under international law. Findings: The study finds that existing international legal instruments inadequately regulate the internal functioning of political parties, allowing undemocratic practices that undermine the substantive realization of political rights. It also identifies that the state's positive obligations can justify regulatory oversight of political party governance. Originality/Novelty: This article advances three normative proposals to fill the regulatory void: the drafting of a new General Comment to Article 25 of the ICCPR, the adoption of an Optional Protocol to impose binding obligations, and the creation of UN Guiding Principles as soft law. These proposals collectively offer a novel framework for reconstructing political rights substantively and reinforcing democratic legitimacy through international law.

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  • Universitas Jambi
  • Universitas Airlangga
  • Western Sydney University
  • Universitas Gadjah Mada
  • Afiliasi tidak diketahui
  • Organisasi berbeda
  • Organisasi sama
  • Afiliasi tidak diketahui
  • Garis lebih tebal = lebih banyak artikel bersama · lingkaran lebih besar = lebih banyak artikel
Tampilkan sebagai tabel
Rekan penulisOrganisasiArtikel bersama
Mochammad FarisiAfiliasi tidak diketahui5
Novianti NoviantiUniversitas Jambi4
Rahayu RepindowatyAfiliasi tidak diketahui3
Ramlan RamlanAfiliasi tidak diketahui3
Ramlan RamlanUniversitas Jambi3
Rahayu Repindowaty HarahapAfiliasi tidak diketahui3
Bernard SipahutarUniversitas Jambi2
Bernard SipahutarUniversitas Jambi2
Akbar Kurnia PutraUniversitas Jambi2
Budi ArdiantoUniversitas Jambi1
Dhil’s NoviadesAfiliasi tidak diketahui1
Ersa YuhanaAfiliasi tidak diketahui1
Ersa YuhanaUniversitas Jambi1
Eunike TrisnawatiAfiliasi tidak diketahui1
Doni Yusra PebriantoAfiliasi tidak diketahui1
Eunike TrisnawatiUniversitas Jambi1
Doni Yusra PebriantoUniversitas Jambi1
Febriyansyah Rahmat MaulanaAfiliasi tidak diketahui1
Febriyansyah Rahmat MaulanaUniversitas Jambi1
Maretta TrimirzaAfiliasi tidak diketahui1
Maretta TrimirzaUniversitas Jambi1
Annisah Dian Utami PanjaitanAfiliasi tidak diketahui1
Annisah Dian Utami PanjaitanUniversitas Jambi1
Rizza Ayu SUniversitas Jambi1
Edson Septo YosiaAfiliasi tidak diketahui1
Dony Yusra PebriantoUniversitas Jambi1
Edson Septo YosiaUniversitas Jambi1
Indah Ardhita UditAfiliasi tidak diketahui1
Indah Ardhita UditUniversitas Jambi1
Yudi DharmawanAfiliasi tidak diketahui1
Yudi DharmawanUniversitas Jambi1
Junita Fanny NainggolanAfiliasi tidak diketahui1
Junita Fanny NainggolanUniversitas Jambi1
Akbar Kurnia PutraUniversitas Jambi1
Teguh YuwonoUniversitas Gadjah Mada1
Teguh YuwonoUniversitas Jambi1

Afiliasi berasal dari OpenAlex; metadata OAI-PMH jurnal tidak memuatnya. Penulis tanpa ID OpenAlex dicocokkan berdasarkan nama, sehingga dua orang bisa tergabung atau satu orang bisa terpisah.

Sumber metadata: OAI-PMH (metadata jurnal) https://online-journal.unja.ac.id/index.php/Utipossidetis/oai, pertama di-harvest 6 Nov 2026, terakhir terlihat 8 Nov 2026.
Metadata asli (oai_dc) 
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	<dc:title xml:lang="en">ICCPR and the Future of Political Rights: A Critical Analysis of Existing International Legal Norms</dc:title>
	<dc:creator xml:lang="en">Farisi, Mochammad</dc:creator>
	<dc:creator xml:lang="en">Ardiana, Hanny Sukma</dc:creator>
	<dc:creator xml:lang="en">Bahren, Bahren</dc:creator>
	<dc:creator xml:lang="en">Harahap, Rahayu Repindowaty</dc:creator>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en">political rights;</dc:subject>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en">political parties; </dc:subject>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en">state obligations.</dc:subject>
	<dc:description xml:lang="en">Background: This article examines the normative gap within the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (ICCPR) concerning the regulation of internal democracy within political parties. While Article 25 guarantees the procedural right to vote and to be elected, it does not sufficiently address substantive democratic deficits such as oligarchic practices, vote buying, and the absence of internal party accountability. Methodology: The analysis is grounded in normative legal research, relying on doctrinal interpretation of international human rights instruments, particularly the ICCPR, and exploring the horizontal application of human rights and the state's due diligence obligations with respect to political parties. Objectives: The primary objective is to argue that political parties, as pivotal actors in democratic systems, should be subject to human rights standards, especially regarding integrity, participation, and non-discrimination, and to identify legal mechanisms that could strengthen internal party democracy under international law. Findings: The study finds that existing international legal instruments inadequately regulate the internal functioning of political parties, allowing undemocratic practices that undermine the substantive realization of political rights. It also identifies that the state's positive obligations can justify regulatory oversight of political party governance. Originality/Novelty: This article advances three normative proposals to fill the regulatory void: the drafting of a new General Comment to Article 25 of the ICCPR, the adoption of an Optional Protocol to impose binding obligations, and the creation of UN Guiding Principles as soft law. These proposals collectively offer a novel framework for reconstructing political rights substantively and reinforcing democratic legitimacy through international law.</dc:description>
	<dc:publisher xml:lang="en">Faculty of Law, Universitas Jambi</dc:publisher>
	<dc:date>2025-07-31</dc:date>
	<dc:type>info:eu-repo/semantics/article</dc:type>
	<dc:type>info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion</dc:type>
	<dc:format>application/pdf</dc:format>
	<dc:identifier>https://online-journal.unja.ac.id/Utipossidetis/article/view/43388</dc:identifier>
	<dc:identifier>10.22437/up.v6i2.43388</dc:identifier>
	<dc:source xml:lang="en">Uti Possidetis: Journal of International Law; Vol. 6 No. 2 (2025): Juni; 291-313</dc:source>
	<dc:source xml:lang="id">Uti Possidetis: Journal of International Law; Vol 6 No 2 (2025): Juni; 291-313</dc:source>
	<dc:source>2721-8333</dc:source>
	<dc:source>2721-8031</dc:source>
	<dc:language>en</dc:language>
	<dc:relation>https://online-journal.unja.ac.id/Utipossidetis/article/view/43388/21820</dc:relation>
	<dc:rights xml:lang="en">Copyright (c) 2025 Mochammad Farisi, Hanny Sukma Ardiana, Bahren Bahren, Rahayu Repindowaty Harahap</dc:rights>
	<dc:rights xml:lang="en">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0</dc:rights>
</oai_dc:dc>