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Article 24 CRPD Compliance in Inclusive Education: Indonesia and Malaysia Compared

Uti Possidetis: Journal of International Law · Vol. 7 No. 2 (2026) · hlm. 174–193

DOI
10.22437/up.v7i2.54005
ISSN
2721-8333, 2721-8031
Terbit
2026-06-23
Penerbit
Faculty of Law, Universitas Jambi
Bahasa
en
Lisensi
creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0

Abstrak

Background: The fulfilment of the right to education for children with disabilities is part of human rights protection that requires an inclusive, non-discriminatory, and accessible education system. Article 24 of the Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities (CRPD) obliges States Parties to guarantee inclusive education through barrier removal, reasonable accommodation, and individualized support. However, Indonesia and Malaysia still face implementation challenges, including limited accessible facilities, insufficient special education teachers, and weak policy enforcement. Methodology: This study uses normative legal research with statutory, conceptual, and comparative approaches. The analysis applies Article 24 CRPD and the AAAQ framework, namely availability, accessibility, acceptability, and adaptability. Objective: This study aims to analyse inclusive education regulation in Indonesia and Malaysia, assess their compliance with Article 24 CRPD, and formulate legal and policy harmonization measures. Findings: Both countries have recognized the right to education for persons with disabilities, but their compliance remains partial. Indonesia faces fragmented regulation, decentralized implementation, and weak monitoring, while Malaysia still faces challenges in reasonable accommodation, individualized support, and rights-based evaluation. Originality: This study shifts the analysis from descriptive policy comparison to international legal compliance assessment.

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  • Universitas Sumatera Utara
  • Universiti Teknologi MARA
  • IPB University
  • National Research and Innovation Agency
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Rekan penulisOrganisasiArtikel bersama
Anita ZaitunahUniversitas Sumatera Utara1
Ridwanti BatubaraUniversitas Sumatera Utara1
Bramasto NugrohoIPB University1
Hariadi KartodihardjoIPB University1
Sulistya EkawatiNational Research and Innovation Agency1
Nor Akhmal HasminUniversiti Teknologi MARA1
Devi YulidaUniversitas Sumatera Utara1
Evi KarotaUniversitas Sumatera Utara1
Siti Zahara NasutionUniversitas Sumatera Utara1
Didik SubarmaAfiliasi tidak diketahui1
Rispalina RitongaAfiliasi tidak diketahui1

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Sumber metadata: OAI-PMH (metadata jurnal) https://online-journal.unja.ac.id/index.php/Utipossidetis/oai, pertama di-harvest 6 Nov 2026, terakhir terlihat 8 Nov 2026.
Metadata asli (oai_dc) 
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	<dc:title xml:lang="en">Article 24 CRPD Compliance in Inclusive Education: Indonesia and Malaysia Compared</dc:title>
	<dc:creator xml:lang="en">Tarigan, Vita Cita Emia</dc:creator>
	<dc:creator xml:lang="en">Nasution, Zaid Perdana</dc:creator>
	<dc:creator xml:lang="en">Affandi, Oding</dc:creator>
	<dc:creator xml:lang="en">Nurhidayah, Rika Endah</dc:creator>
	<dc:creator xml:lang="en">Bin Othman, Muhammad Fikri</dc:creator>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en">inclusive education;</dc:subject>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en">right to education;</dc:subject>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en">children with disabilities;</dc:subject>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en">article 24 crpd;</dc:subject>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en">comparative law; </dc:subject>
	<dc:description xml:lang="en">Background: The fulfilment of the right to education for children with disabilities is part of human rights protection that requires an inclusive, non-discriminatory, and accessible education system. Article 24 of the Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities (CRPD) obliges States Parties to guarantee inclusive education through barrier removal, reasonable accommodation, and individualized support. However, Indonesia and Malaysia still face implementation challenges, including limited accessible facilities, insufficient special education teachers, and weak policy enforcement. Methodology: This study uses normative legal research with statutory, conceptual, and comparative approaches. The analysis applies Article 24 CRPD and the AAAQ framework, namely availability, accessibility, acceptability, and adaptability. Objective:  This study aims to analyse inclusive education regulation in Indonesia and Malaysia, assess their compliance with Article 24 CRPD, and formulate legal and policy harmonization measures. Findings: Both countries have recognized the right to education for persons with disabilities, but their compliance remains partial. Indonesia faces fragmented regulation, decentralized implementation, and weak monitoring, while Malaysia still faces challenges in reasonable accommodation, individualized support, and rights-based evaluation. Originality: This study shifts the analysis from descriptive policy comparison to international legal compliance assessment.</dc:description>
	<dc:publisher xml:lang="en">Faculty of Law, Universitas Jambi</dc:publisher>
	<dc:date>2026-06-23</dc:date>
	<dc:type>info:eu-repo/semantics/article</dc:type>
	<dc:type>info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion</dc:type>
	<dc:format>application/pdf</dc:format>
	<dc:identifier>https://online-journal.unja.ac.id/Utipossidetis/article/view/54005</dc:identifier>
	<dc:identifier>10.22437/up.v7i2.54005</dc:identifier>
	<dc:source xml:lang="en">Uti Possidetis: Journal of International Law; Vol. 7 No. 2 (2026): Juni ; 174-193</dc:source>
	<dc:source xml:lang="id">Uti Possidetis: Journal of International Law; Vol 7 No 2 (2026): Juni ; 174-193</dc:source>
	<dc:source>2721-8333</dc:source>
	<dc:source>2721-8031</dc:source>
	<dc:language>en</dc:language>
	<dc:relation>https://online-journal.unja.ac.id/Utipossidetis/article/view/54005/24549</dc:relation>
	<dc:rights xml:lang="en">Copyright (c) 2026 Vita Cita Emia Tarigan, Zaid Perdana Nasution, Oding Affandi, Rika Endah Nurhidayah, Muhammad Fikri Bin Othman</dc:rights>
	<dc:rights xml:lang="en">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0</dc:rights>
</oai_dc:dc>